音乐之喻与中国古典诗学批评

The Music Metaphor and Chinese Classical Poetic Criticism

音乐之喻是中国古典诗学批评中一类特别的譬喻,有着动态演进的历史过程,就取象而言,以乐器为主,后来也关涉乐曲、乐谱、音律等,呈现出丰富的形态;从功能上讲,多用于品诗和作诗的讨论,历经元明清人的踵事增华,拓展至学诗、诗歌史、诗学概念、诗歌接受等议题的诠释,积淀了深厚的意蕴。以音乐喻诗的学理依据与乐诗相似性以及审美文化密切相关。由批评眼光视之,借音乐说诗的实践形成了富有张力的话语,不仅开拓了诗学的阐释空间,也为中西诗学的对话搭建了桥梁。最后,这种实践虽有模糊不清的缺陷,但显示出清新有味、深切著明的表达效果,为读者带来了“响浃肌髓”的美感体验。

The music metaphor is a special kind of metaphor in Chinese classical poetic criticism.It has a dynamic historical process of evolution.As far as the imagery is concerned,it is mainly musical instruments,and later it is also related to music,score,and rhythm,showing rich forms.Generally speaking,it is mostly used for the discussion of poetry appreciation and composition.After the development of the Yuan,Ming and Qing Dynasties,it has been extended to the interpretation of topics such as poetry study,poetry history,poetics concept,poetry acceptance,etc.,and has accumulated profound connotations.The theoretical basis of using music to image poetry is closely related to the similarity between music and poetry and aesthetic culture.From a critical point of view,the practice of using music to explain poetry has formed a discourse full of tension,which not only opens up the interpretation space of poetics,but also builds a bridge for the dialogue between Chinese and Western poetics.Finally,although this practice has some vague defects,the fresh,savory and accurate expression effect it shows brings readers a wonderful aesthetic experience.