“双碳”目标下张家口市“三生”空间格局演化及碳效应研究

Spatial Pattern Evolution and Carbon Effect of Production-Living-Ecological Space in Zhangjiakou City under Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutrality Goals

基于“三生”空间识别与碳源(汇)属性分类体系,分析2000—2020年张家口市“三生”空间格局演化特征,测算“三生”空间垂直方向和水平方向的碳效应,探讨“三生”空间演化的生态关系及其对碳效应的影响。结果表明,2000—2020年张家口市“三生”空间时空格局变化显著,生态空间增加710.24km^(2),生产-生活空间增加652.55km^(2),生产-生态空间减少1362.79km^(2),3类空间相互转化的幅度愈加强烈。垂直方向上,碳通量从2695.18万吨上升到4894.36万吨,碳排放远大于碳吸收,碳收支不平衡现象较为严重。水平方向上,生态空间的碳吸收强度逐渐上升,生产-生态空间和生产-生活空间的碳排放强度不断下降。20年间,积极碳流增加823万吨,消极碳流减少1182万吨,整体净碳流为负值。张家口市“三生”空间生态关系冲突明显,主要表现为掠夺-限制与竞争的关系,对碳效应产生消极影响。

This study analyzes the evolution characteristics of“production-living-ecological”space in Zhangjia-kou City during the period of 2000-2020,measures its carbon effect in the vertical and horizontal directions,and discusses its ecological relationship and its impact on carbon effect,based on the relationship between“production-living-ecological”space and carbon source/carbon classification system.The results show that“production-living-ecological”space in Zhangjiakou has changed significantly during 2000-2020,with an increase of 710.24 km^(2) in ecological space,652.55 km^(2) in production-living space and a decrease of 1362.79 km^(2) in production-ecological space.The transformation of the three types of space has become more intense from 2000 to 2020 in Zhangjiakou City.Vertically,the carbon flux of Zhangjiakou City increases from 26.9518 million tons to 48.9436 million tons.Carbon emission is more than carbon uptake and the imbalance of carbon budget is serious during 2000-2020.Horizontally,the carbon absorption intensity of ecological space gradually increases,and the carbon emission intensity of production-ecological space and production-living space continues to decline in Zhangjiakou City.In the past 20 years,the positive carbon flow has increased by 8.23 million tons,and the negative carbon flow has decreased by 11.82 million tons,but the overall net carbon flow is still negative.The spatial ecological relationship among the“production-living-ecological”space has obvious conflicts,mainly manifested as plundering-restriction and competition relationship,showing a negative impact on the carbon.