硒在“土壤-作物-食品-人体”食物链中的流动

Flow of Selenium in the“Soil-Crop-Food-Human”Chain

硒是人体内不可缺少的微量营养素,参与体内多种生理和代谢过程,目前全球约5~10亿人受到缺硒相关疾病威胁。在农业-食物系统中,硒主要通过土壤进入食物链,经作物富集,再通过膳食被人体摄入吸收。利用适宜农艺措施增强作物吸收转化土壤硒的能力,可使作物可食部位有效积累有机硒。但作物富硒并不意味着硒可以全部保留至食品中,食品加工环节的影响也极为关键,各种加工条件和参数会影响最终产品的硒含量和形态,从而影响其在人体内的生物利用度。本文综述硒元素在“土壤-作物-食品-人体”食物链中的流动过程,总结各环节影响食品中硒含量、形态和人体中硒生物利用度的关键因素,建议综合考虑各环节因素,以实现从农场到餐桌硒元素的高效转化。

Selenium(Se)is an indispensable micronutrient in the human body,which participates in various physiological and metabolic processes.Around the world,about 500 million to 1 billion people are at risk from selenium deficiency related diseases.In the agriculture-food system,selenium enters the food chain mainly from soil,and is accumulated in crops and then assimilated by the human body through diets.Using suitable agronomic measures to enhance the ability of crops to absorb and transform soil selenium can enable organic selenium to effectively accumulate in the edible parts of crops.However,the enrichment of selenium in crops does not mean that selenium can be completely retained in crop foods.The influence of food processing is extremely critical as well.Various processing conditions and parameters will affect the selenium content and speciation of the final products,thus affecting its bioavailability in the human body.This paper reviews the flow of selenium in the“soil-crop-food-human”chain,and summarizes the key factors that affect the content and speciation of selenium in foods and the bioavailability of selenium in the human body.It is suggested that all factors should be considered comprehensively to realize efficient conversion of selenium from farm to table.