β-烟酰胺单核苷酸对生理机能影响的研究进展

Advance in Understanding the Effect ofβ-Nicotinamide Mononucleotide on Physiological Functions

我国处于亚健康状态的超重或肥胖人群与老龄化人口数量都在逐年上升。在衰老和肥胖过程中,细胞内烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide,NAD^(+))水平会发生系统性下降。NAD^(+)是细胞能量代谢、调节细胞机能、影响衰老的关键靶点,因此,通过补充NAD+前体以改善生理机能、延缓衰老已经成为目前研究热点。β-烟酰胺单核苷酸(nicotinamide mononucleotide,NMN)是动物体内NAD^(+)代谢的中间产物,也是目前最直接高效的NAD^(+)补充前体。但是NMN对生理机能存在多方面多器官的复杂影响,而且人体临床试验与动物实验结果并不一致,服用量也尚未确定。本文综述到目前为止NMN的动物实验和人体临床试验结果,旨在探究补充NMN对动物、人体生理机能的影响、机制及其适宜剂量和不良反应,以期为未来NMN研究与应用提供思路。

The overweight or obese population in sub-health status and the aging population in China are increasing year by year.The intracellular level of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NAD^(+))decreases dramatically with age and obesity.NAD^(+)is the key target of cellular energy metabolism and cell function regulation,which affects senescence.Therefore,improving physiological functions and delay aging by supplementing NAD^(+)precursors has become a hot topic of current research.β-Nicotinamide mononucleotide(NMN)is an intermediate metabolite of NAD^(+)in animals,and it is also the most direct and efficient NAD^(+)supplement precursor at present.However,NMN has complex effects on the physiological functions of various organs,the results of animal tests are not consistent with those of human clinical tests,and the optimal dosage has not been determined.This paper summarizes the results of recent animal and human clinical tests of NMN aiming to explore the effects,mechanisms,doses and adverse reactions of NMN supplementation on animal and human physiological functions.Through this paper,we hope to provide ideas for future research and application of NMN.