施肥对红松无性系果林生长及结实的影响

Effect of Fertilization on the Growth and Fruiting of Pinus koraiensis Clonal Orchards

为了探讨氮、磷、钾配施在红松无性系果林生长发育中的作用和影响,在大箐山县秀水林场以嫁接2年、6年红松无性系果林为材料,采用正交实验设计,连续3年进行施肥处理。结果表明:施肥能显著促进红松幼树(嫁接2年)树高和地径生长,氮肥是影响生长的主要因素,方差分析结果显示,氮肥水平间差异显著,施肥最优组合为氮肥100 g/株、磷肥40g/株,树高、地径比对照分别提高92%和39%;不同施肥处理对红松结实母树(嫁接6年)雌花数、坐果率有显著影响,对千粒重没有显著影响,3种肥料影响顺序氮肥﹥钾肥﹥磷肥,雌花数、坐果率方差分析结果显示,氮肥和钾肥水平间达到极显著和显著差异,施肥最优组合为氮肥150 g/株、磷肥100 g/株、钾肥100 g/株,雌花数、坐果率比对照分别提高172%和49%。说明在小兴安岭地区配方施肥中氮肥是促进红松生长发育的主要元素,合理配施更有利于红松生长和开花结实。

In order to explore the effect and influence of combined application of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium on the growth and development of Pinus koraiensis clonal fruit forest,the 2-years and 6-years-old Pinus koraiensis clonal fruit forest was grafted in Xiushui forest farm of Daqingshan county.The orthogonal experimental design was used to apply fertilizer for three consecutive years.The results showed that fertilization could significantly promote the growth of tree height and ground diameter of young Pinus koraiensis trees(grafted for 2 years).Nitrogen fertilizer was the main factor affecting the growth.The results of variance analysis showed that there were significant differences among nitrogen fertilizer levels.The optimal combination of fertilization was 100 g nitrogen fertilizer per plant,40g phosphorus fertilizer per plant and 0 g potassium fertilizer per plant.The tree height and ground diameter were 92%and 39%higher than the control respectively;Different fertilization treatments had significant effects on the number of female flowers and fruit setting rate of Korean pine seed bearing mother tree(grafted for 6 years),but had no significant effect on 1000 grain weight.The influence order of the three fertilizers was nitrogen fertilizer>potassium fertilizer>phosphorus fertilizer.The variance analysis results of the number of female flowers and fruit setting rate showed that there were extremely significant and significant differences between the levels of nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer.The optimal combination of fertilization was 150 g/plant of nitrogen fertilizer,100 g/plant of phosphorus fertilizer,100 g/plant of potassium fertilizer,the number of female flowers.The fruit setting rate increased by 172%and 49%respectively compared with the control.It shows that nitrogen fertilizer is the main element to promote the growth and development of Pinus koraiensis in formula fertilization in Xiaoxing'anling area,and reasonable formula fertilization is more conducive to the growth,flowering and Fruiting of Pinus koraiensis.