口传文学“第四堵墙”的嬗变与重构——以凉州贤孝的影像化传播为例

Transmutation and Reconstruction of“The Fourth Wall”of Oral Literature——Taking Image Communication of Liangzhou Xianxiao as an Example

随着新媒体艺术和受众审美升级的双向前进,口传文学历经了口口相传、仪式化传播到影像化传承的嬗变,逐渐走向日常化、大众化、视听化道路,在此期间艺人与受众相隔的“第四堵墙”亦在悄然演变。以口传文学的“第四堵墙”为索引,聚焦于口传文学的代表性作品——凉州贤孝,从文艺报道、纪录片、短视频三种典型视角窥探其影像化传播范式的现实图景与内生逻辑,从当代受众与艺人的关系、传承与创新的嫁接、场景与媒介的沉浸式体验三种维度进一步优化凉州贤孝的影像化传播路径,以期在贤孝样本中洞见口传文学“第四堵墙”的嬗变与重构过程,为当代口传文学的保护与传承提供一定的前沿性思考。

With the two-way progress of new media art and audience aesthetic upgrading,oral literature,has gone through the evolution of oral transmission,ritualized transmission to image inheritance,and gradually moved towards daily,popular and audio-visual roads,during which the“fourth wall”separated by artists and audiences is also quietly evolving.Based on“The Fourth wall”of oral literature,this paper focuses on Liangzhou Xianxiao(sage and filial piety),a representative work of oral literature,and explores the realistic picture and endogenous logic of its image-based communication paradigm from three typical perspectives:literary reports,documentaries and short videos.The image transmission path of Liangzhou Xianxiao is further optimized from three dimensions:the relationship between contemporary audiences and artists,the integration of inheritance and innovation,and the immersive experience of scenes and media,in order to gain insight into the evolution and reconstruction process of“The fourth wall”of oral literature in the samples of sages and filial piety,so as to provide some frontier thinking for the protection and inheritance of contemporary oral literature.