高中生基本心理需求满足与手机成瘾:孤独感和社交焦虑的中介作用

Basic psychological needs satisfaction and smartphone addiction among high school students:the mediating role of loneliness and social anxiety

目的探讨孤独感和社交焦虑在高中生基本心理需求满足与手机成瘾之间的中介作用,为高中生手机成瘾的干预提供参考。方法于2022年4月,采用随机抽样方法,纳入四川省某县5所中学共14666名高中生为研究对象。采用基本心理需求满足量表(BPNS)、UCLA孤独量表第三版(UCLA-3)、交往焦虑量表(IAS)以及手机成瘾指数量表(MPAI)进行横断面调查。使用Bootstrap法进行孤独感和社交焦虑在基本心理需求满足与手机成瘾间的中介作用分析。结果①共回收有效问卷14036份,检出1752名(12.48%,95%CI:0.114~0.136)高中生存在手机成瘾。BPNS总评分与UCLA-3总评分、IAS总评分、MPAI总评分均呈负相关(r=-0.771、-0.486、-0.417,P均<0.01),MPAI总评分与IAS总评分、UCLA-3总评分均呈正相关(r=0.403、0.424,P均<0.01),IAS总评分与UCLA-3总评分呈正相关(r=0.458,P<0.01);②高中生基本心理需求满足程度可以直接负向预测手机成瘾(β=-0.383,P<0.05),也可以通过孤独感和社交焦虑间接影响手机成瘾(β=-0.130,P<0.05);③孤独感(间接效应值为-0.145)和社交焦虑(间接效应值为-0.074)分别在基本心理需求满足与手机成瘾之间起中介作用,且孤独感-社交焦虑还起着显著的链式中介作用(间接效应值为-0.034),其链式中介效应占比为8.88%。结论基本心理需求满足既可以直接影响手机成瘾的发生,还可以通过孤独感和社交焦虑的链式中介途径间接影响手机成瘾的发生。

Objective To investigate the mediating role of loneliness and social anxiety in the relationship between basic psychological needs satisfaction and smartphone addiction among high school students,and to provide references for the intervention to smartphone addiction for high school students.Methods In April 2022,a total of 14666 high school students from 5 middle schools in a county of Sichuan Province were included by random sampling method.Basic Psychological Needs Scales(BPNS),the UCLA Loneliness Scale-3 edition(UCLA-3),Interaction Anxiousness Scale(IAS)and the Mobile Phone Addiction Index(MPAI)were used for cross-sectional investigation.Bootstrap method was used to analyze the mediating role of loneliness and social anxiety in the relationship between the basic psychological needs satisfaction and smartphone addiction.Results①In this study,14036 valid questionnaires were returned,and 1752(12.48%,95%CI:0.114~0.136)high school students were found to be addicted to smartphone phone.The BPNS score was negatively correlated with UCLA-3,IAS and MPAI scores(r=-0.771,-0.486,-0.417,P<0.01).And MPAI score was positively correlated with IAS and UCLA-3 scores(r=0.403,0.424,P<0.01).IAS score was positively correlated with UCLA-3 score(r=0.458,P<0.01).②The degree of basic psychological needs satisfaction in high school students can directly negatively predict smartphone addiction(β=-0.383,P<0.05),and can also indirectly affect smartphone addiction through loneliness and social anxiety(β=-0.130,P<0.05).③Loneliness(indirect effect value was-0.145)and social anxiety(indirect effect value was-0.074)partially mediate between the basic psychological needs satisfaction and smartphone addiction.Loneliness-social anxiety also has significant chain mediating effect(indirect effect value was-0.034),which accounted for 8.88%.Conclusion The basic psychological needs satisfaction can not only directly affect the occurrence of smartphone addiction,but also indirectly affect the occurrence of smartphone addiction through the chain mediation of loneliness and social anxiety.