耦合消防设施的航站楼火灾演化机理研究

Research on fire evolution mechanism of terminal buildings coupled with fire fighting facilities

机场航站楼属于大型公共建筑,一旦发生火灾易造成烟气聚集且导致人员疏散困难,传统消防设施难以满足此类建筑的消防需求。本文针对耦合消防设施的演化机理进行研究,首先建立航站楼候机厅建筑信息模型(BIM,building information modeling),然后通过火灾动态模拟器(FDS,fire dynamics simulator)对航站楼候机厅进行不同场景下的火灾模拟,进而得到不同场景、不同区域下的喷淋、烟气层高度、能见度、热释放速率等指标数据,并根据其变化过程分析火灾演化机理。研究结果表明,针对航站楼这种具有特殊性的公共建筑,耦合消防设施和消防设施未启动情况下火灾演化机理具有显著差异。同时,模拟结果可以为航站楼消防设计的优化和应急疏散方案的制定提供思路。

Airport terminal is a large public building,it can easily cause smoke accumulation and make evacuation difficult once a fire occurs.Traditional fire fighting facilities are difficult to meet the fire fighting needs of such buildings.In this paper,the evolution mechanism of coupled fire facilities is studied.Firstly,the building information modeling(BIM)of terminal hall is established,and the fire simulation of terminal in different scenarios is carried out through fire dynamics simulator(FDS).Then the data of sprinkler operation,smoke layer height,visibility and heat release rate in different regions and different scenarios are obtained.The fire evolution mechanism is analyzed according to the changing process.The results show that there is a significant difference in the fire evolution mechanism between the coupled fire fighting facilities and the non-start-up fire fighting facilities for the special public building such as airport terminal.At the same time,the simulation results can provide ideas for the optimization of fire fighting design and the formulation of emergency evacuation plan of airport terminal.