斯威夫特A Modest Proposal 中的爱尔兰民族文化汉译研究

A Study of Irish National Culture in the Chinese Translation of Jonathan Swift’s A Modest Proposal

18世纪初期,著名讽刺作家、政论家乔纳森·斯威夫特深感爱尔兰在饱受英国殖民压迫的同时又遭逢饥荒的苦难,写下A Modest Proposal,借“谋臣策士”之口辛辣嘲讽英国统治者在政治、经济、宗教等各个方面压迫爱尔兰人民。斯威夫特对爱尔兰民族苦难的深切同情,沉淀为其文章中深刻的爱尔兰民族文化特质。然而学界多将斯威夫特的作品归为英国文学的代表,在一定程度上忽略了其文章中的爱尔兰性。因此译者在翻译时应格外注意凸显斯威夫特文中的爱尔兰元素,尽量完整准确地还原其民族文化内涵。本文以刘炳善译本《育婴刍议》为例,分析其对原文中爱尔兰经济、宗教、历史等爱尔兰特质的还原,意在探讨翻译英语文学名篇时如何凸显民族文化特质并再现原作的民族情感内涵。

At the beginning of the 18th century,the famous satirist and political commentator Jonathan Swift witnessed that Ireland was suffering from both famine and British colonial oppression,and he thus wrote A Modest Proposal.By pretending as the“advisers”,he made a bitter mockery of the British ruler’s oppression on the Irish people in many aspects,such as politics,economy and religion.Swift’s deep sympathy for the suffering of the Irish nation precipitated into profound Irish national cultural characteristics in his writings.However,academic circles used to recognize Swift’s works as the representative of English literature,which ignored the Irish characteristics in his works to some extent.Therefore,special attention should be paid to highlight the Irish elements in Swift’s works when translating it into Chinese,and national cultural connotation in his articles should be reproduced as completely and accurately as possible.With Liu Bingshan’s translation of A Modest Proposal as an example,this paper analyzes how the Irish characteristics in aspects of economy,religion and history of the original text were reproduced in Chinese translation and aims to explore how to highlight the national cultural characteristics and national sentiment of the original text while translating English literature.