黑格尔关于怀疑主义、辩证法与思辨之关系的最终规定——以《小逻辑》第78-82小节为中心

Hegel's Final Determination on the Relationship between Skepticism,Dialectics and Speculation:A Study of Sections 78-82 of Enzyklopdie der philosophischen Wissenschaften im Grundrisse I

依据黑格尔《哲学科学百科全书纲要——第一部分:逻辑学》(《小逻辑》)中的相关论述,通过对逻辑真实体的三个环节的考察,澄清“知性(知性的肯定)—怀疑主义(知性的否定/知性的辩证法)—辩证(理性的否定方面/否定的辩证法)—思辨[理性的肯定(否定之否定)方面/肯定的辩证法]”的结构和四者之间过渡的必然性。由此,怀疑主义、辩证法与思辨之间的关系的最终规定得以阐明:知性自身误解着地运用辩证法时,就形成了怀疑主义,并且辩证法本质上是属于理性的,与此同时,黑格尔为了区分否定的辩证法和肯定的辩证法,他在这里更多的是把“辩证(的环节)”作为否定的辩证法(否定的理性)来运用,并用“思辨(的环节)”这一概念代替了肯定的辩证法(肯定的理性)。

According to the relevant exposition in Enzyklopdie der philosophischen Wissenschaften im Grundrisse I and through the examination of the three moments of Logisch-Reellen,this paper clarifies the structure of“understanding(affirmation of un-derstanding)-skepticism(negation of understanding/understanding-dialectics)-dialectical(negative-reason/negative-dia-lectics)-speculation[positive(negation of negation)-reason/positive-dialectics]”and the inevitability of transition among them.Thus,the final determination of the relationship between skepticism,dialectics and speculation is clarified:when the un-derstanding itself mistakenly uses dialectics,skepticism is formed,and dialectics essentially belongs to reason,and at the same time,in order to distinguish negative-dialectics from positive-dialectics,Hegel here uses“dialectical(moment)”more as nega-tive-dialectics(negative-reason),and replaces the positive-dialectics(positive-reason)with the concept of“speculative(mo-ment)”.