能源转型期中国与拉美锂矿合作的机遇和挑战

Opportunities and Challenges of Lithium Mineral Cooperation Between China and Latin America During Energy Transition Period

拉丁美洲拥有全球最多的锂矿资源量和储量,是我国在清洁能源方面重要的战略合作伙伴。拉美多国为我国“一带一路”友好合作伙伴,在矿业层面具有稳定的外资政策,加之新冠肺炎疫情后拉美国家对外资和技术的需求持续增加,为全球能源转型背景下中国与拉美国家的锂矿合作提供了良好机遇。但是双方合作中仍然面临着逆全球化潮流下国有化危机加深、ESG模式下与原住民冲突加剧、能源战争中美国加强干预等一系列挑战。在未来的合作中,投资拉美锂矿的中资企业应随时注意投资国法律动向,健全风险防控机制;构建锂矿金融体系,完善投融资机制;注重ESG模式,推动锂矿绿色协调发展;依托“一带一路”合作实现矿业纵深合作,构建中拉利益共同体。

Latin America has the largest lithium mineral resources and reserves in the world.And it is an important strategic partner of China in clean energy.Many Latin American countries are friendly cooperation partners of China's"Belt and Road"initiative.They have stable foreign investment policies in the mining industry,and Latin American countries'demand for foreign investment and technology continues to increase after the COVID-19,which provides a good opportunity for the cooperation between China and Latin American countries in lithium mineral under the background of global energy transformation.However,the cooperation between the both parties still faces a series of challenges,such as deepening nationalization crisis against the tide of anti-globalization,intensifying the conflicts with indigenous peoples under the ESG model,and strengthening intervention of the United States in the energy war.In future cooperation,Chinese enterprises investing in Latin American lithium mineral should always pay attention to the legal trends of the investment country and improve the risk prevention and control mechanism,construct lithium mining financial system,improve the investment and financing mechanism.Besides,Chinese enterprise should also pay attention to ESG mode,and promote the green and coordinated development of lithium mines,as well as relying on the Belt and Road cooperation,build in-depth mining cooperation and build a community of shared interests between China and Latin America.