宪法土地制度的意涵探析

Discussion and Analysis on the Implication of Constitutional Land System

宪法土地制度具有历史逻辑、理论逻辑和实践逻辑,只有遵循宪法文本,体察立法意向,立足运行现状,方能客观、全面、真实地映照土地制度宪法规范的真正意涵。宪法第十条的五款内容是逻辑严密的有机整体。从宪法内在逻辑看,土地制度条款内在统一于宪法整体;从权利类型形态看,宪法的规定实现了土地所有权和土地使用权“两权分离”;从制度规范状态看,土地所有权的动态转换和土地使用权的有序转让表明宪法土地制度是动静结合的条款;从义利观念取向看,宪法土地制度条款体现了义利兼顾的宪制理念。现行宪法的转型宪法特征决定了宪法土地制度设计及运行的先天不足,但这并未动摇土地制度的宪制基础,并不影响土地制度在宪法框架下的嬗变和完善。

The constitutional land system has historical logic,theoretical logic and practical logic,only by following the constitutional text,observing the legislative intention and basing on the current situation,can we objectively,comprehensively and truly reflect the real meaning of the constitutional norm of the land system.The five paragraphs of Article 10 of the Constitution of the People's Republic of China are a logical and organic whole.From the internal logic of the Constitution,the land system clause is unified in the whole Constitution.From the perspective of right type and form,the Constitution realizes the separation of land ownership and land use right.From the perspective of institutional norms,the dynamic conversion of land ownership and the orderly transfer of land use rights indicate that the constitutional land system is a combination of dynamic and static provisions.From the view of righteousness and benefit,the constitutional land system clause embodies the constitutional concept of giving consideration to both righteousness and benefit.The characteristics of transitional Constitution of the present Constitution determine the congenital deficiency of the design and operation of constitutional land system,but it does not shake the constitutional foundation of the land system,and does not affect the evolution and improvement of the land system under the constitutional framework.