Shifts in the bacterial community caused by combined pollutant loads in the North Canal River, China

A typical anthropogenically disturbed urban river polluted by a combination of conventional pollutants(nitrogen and phosphorus pollution)and heavy metals was investigated along a 238 km stretch.Changes in the bacterial community were evaluated using high-throughput sequencing,and the relationships between bacteria,heavy metals,and conventional pollutants were investigated.There was large spatial heterogeneity in the bacterial community along the river,and bacterial diversity in the upstream and midstream sections was much higher than in the downstream section.Heavy metals and conventional pollutants both exhibited close correlations with bacterial diversity and composition.For instance,potential fecal indicator bacteria,sewage indicator bacteria and pathogenic bacteria,such as Ruminococcus and Pseudomonas,were closely associated with Cu,Zn,and NH_(4)^(+)-N.Rather than conventional pollutants,heavy metals were the main driving factors of the microbial community characteristics.These results confirm that bacterial communities play a crucial role in biogeochemical cycles.Therefore,heavymetals could be used as biomarkers of complex pollution to indicate the pollution status of riverine ecosystems and contribute to the restoration of habitats in anthropogenically disturbed urban rivers.