生态旅游的生态性及其影响因素研究

A study on the ecologicality of ecotourism and its influencing factors

探究实践中生态旅游发展的真实状况并分析其影响因素,对于完善生态旅游管理和推进生态文明建设具有重要意义.然而,目前衡量生态旅游核心目标实现程度的研究却相对较少,不利于评判现实中生态旅游是否真正生态.该文尝试提出生态旅游的生态性概念,构建生态性评价指标体系,在对生态性的可能影响因素进行理论分析并提出假说的基础上,选取47个国家生态旅游示范区为案例地进行实证研究.结果表明:1)生态旅游的生态性评价可以从环境保护、文化保护、环境教育、社区福利、自然基础、道德要求6个维度展开.2)案例生态旅游区的生态性整体处于一般水平,环境保护、文化保护和自然基础表现相对较好,其余方面需加强.3)生态旅游区类型对生态性有显著影响,表现为湿地型旅游区的生态性显著高于森林型,不同类型旅游区在各维度上的表现也有差异;同时,生态旅游区的生态性与其员工的生态旅游认知水平正相关,即员工的认知水平越高,生态旅游区生态性指数以及在自然基础、环境保护、环境教育、文化保护四个维度的得分越高,生态性越好;而地区发展水平对生态旅游的生态性没有显著影响.研究结果能够为实现生态旅游的可持续、高质量发展提供重要参考.

Exploring the real situation of ecotourism development in practice and analyzing its influencing factors is of great significance to improve ecotourism management and promote the construction of ecological civilization.However,at present,there are relatively few studies to measure the realization of the core objectives of ecotourism,which is not conducive to judging whether ecotourism is truly ecological in reality.This paper proposed the concept of ecologicality of ecotourism and constructed the ecological evaluation system.Based on theoretically analysis of the factors that may affect the ecologicality of ecotourism and relevant hypotheses.47 national ecotourism demonstration areas(NEDAs)were selected as cases for empirical research.The multi index comprehensive evaluation method was used to evaluate the ecologicality of the case area,and the analysis of variance and Pearson correlation analysis were used to empirically test the influencing factors of ecologicality.The results are shown as follows.1)The ecological evaluation system of ecotourism includes six dimensions:environmental protection,cultural protection,environmental education,community welfare,natural foundation,and moral requirements.2)The overall ecological nature of the case study ecological tourism areas is at a reasonable level,with relatively better performance in environmental protection,cultural protection,and natural foundation,while other aspects need to be strengthened.3)The type of NEDAs has a significant impact on their ecologicality,with that of wetland NEDAs significantly higher than that of forest ones,and different type of NEDAs are also different in some dimensions of ecologicality.The ecologicality of NEDAs is positively correlated with ecological tourism awareness level of employees,i.e.,the higher the employees awareness level,the higher the ecologicality as well as the scores of environmental protection,environmental education and cultural protection,indicating the better ecologicality.However,the regional development level has no significant impact on the ecologicality.The research results were able to provide important reference for realizing the sustainable and high-quality development of ecotourism.