面向精密电主轴的非晶高速永磁电机设计与分析

Design and Analysis of Amorphous High Speed Permanent Magnet Motor for Precision Motorized Spindle

针对高端精密高速电主轴普遍存在损耗大、效率低、转子发热严重等问题,提出采用基于非晶合金定子铁芯的高速永磁同步电机,根据非晶合金定子铁芯的磁化特性和损耗特性开展了高速永磁同步电机优化设计研究,采用有限元法建立了一款额定功率3.7 kW、额定转速7000 rpm、最高转速15 000 rpm的永磁电机物理分析模型,与相同结构参数的硅钢(35W270)电机损耗、效率等性能进行了对比分析。通过分析结果表明采用非晶合金作为高速永磁电机定子铁芯较硅钢电机额定工作点理论铁损下降76.5%;经对两款样机进行实际测试,考虑到铁芯加工及装配工艺导致铁损的恶化,实测铁损下降50.7%,效率提高1.4%,相同负载与冷却条件下定子绕组温升下降15.1 K,表明了非晶铁芯在高速电主轴中应用具有明显的优势。

Aimed at the problems of high loss,low efficiency and serious rotor heating of high-end precision high-speed motorized spindle,this paper proposes a high-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor based on amorphous alloy stator core.According to the magnetization and loss characteristics of amorphous alloy stator core,the optimal design of high speed permanent magnet synchronous motor is studied,A physical analysis model of permanent magnet motor with rated power of 3.7 kW,rated speed of 7000 rpm and maximum speed of 15 000 rpm is established by using finite element method.The performance of the motor is compared with that of silicon steel(35W270) motor with the same structural parameters,such as loss and efficiency.The analysis results show that the theoretical iron loss of amorphous alloy used as the stator core of high-speed permanent magnet motor is 76.5% lower than that of silicon steel motor;Through the actual test of two prototypes,considering the deterioration of iron loss caused by iron core processing and assembly process,the measured iron loss decreased by 50.7%,the measured efficiency is 1.4% higher,and the temperature rise of stator winding decreased by 15.1 K under the same load and cooling conditions,which shows that the amorphous iron core has obvious advantages in the application of high-speed motorized spindle.