复杂性化约与现代法的实证化——兼论卢曼前期法社会学的研究方法

Complexity Reduction and Positivism of Modern Law:On the Research Methods of Luhmann’s Earlier Studies on the Sociology of Law

就问题意识和基本立场而言,卢曼前期与后期的法社会学研究之间的内在连贯性远远大于差异性。卢曼学术生涯始终贯穿了对法律的功能和现代法的实证化这两个主题的研究。卢曼前期借助“胡塞尔+帕森斯”的模式,采用功能分析、意义分析、系统分析、决策分析等研究方法,在系统论视角下将法律的功能定义为规范性期望的稳定化。同时,卢曼还将法律实证化看成是法律系统为了克服社会的复杂性和偶在性的不断增长,综合协调“学习与不学习”这一对矛盾关系,以提高结构适应性的历史演化进程。

In terms of problem consciousness and basic position,the internal coherence between Luhmann’s earlier and later researches on the sociology of law is far greater than their differences.The study of the function of law and the positivism of modern law run through Luhmann’s academic career.In the early stage,Luhmann defined the function of law as the stabilization of normative expectations from the perspective of system theory with the help of the“Husserl+Parsons”model and the research methods such as function analysis,meaning analysis,system analysis,and decision analysis.At the same time,Luhmann regarded legal positivism as the historical evolution process in which the legal system comprehensively coordinated the contradiction between“learning and non-learning”to overcome the increasing complexity and contingency of society,thus improving its structural adaptability.