秦岭陕西段耕地质量时空变化特征及其驱动力

Spatial-temporal Change Characteristics of Cultivated Land Quality in Shaanxi Section of Qinling,China and Their Driving Forces

为深入研究秦岭耕地资源环境变化规律,基于动态度模型、区位指数、重心迁移模型以及地理探测器等方法,采用陕西省2005~2019年1∶10000县级年度耕地质量等别更新评价以及统计年鉴数据,探究秦岭陕西段6个市、39个县(市、区)、353个乡镇的耕地质量时空变化格局和驱动机制。结果表明:①在时间上,秦岭陕西段在2005~2010年、2010~2015年、2015~2019年间耕地资源数量有所减少,且年平均减少率分别为0.45%、0.12%、0.20%,耕地数量变化趋于平稳,耕地质量等别平均值为10.98,相比陕西省耕地质量等别平均值(11.34)略高,相比全国耕地质量等别平均值(9.96)还处于较低的水平;②在空间上,2005~2019年秦岭陕西段耕地质量呈现出靠近关中平原的北线与西南线以及中部较高,东部、西部较低的分布格局;从区位指数变化来看,自然地理条件较好的西安市和渭南市耕地质量等别较高且为高等地的聚集区,处于陕南地区的汉中市、安康市、商洛市耕地质量较差,中等地、低等地的聚集程度较高;从重心迁移角度来看,高等地重心由周至县迁移至西安市鄠邑区,中等地重心由宁陕县迁移至镇安县,低等地重心由安康市汉滨区迁移至柞水县,然后再迁移至镇安县,坐标迁移量从大到小为低等地、中等地、高等地;③秦岭陕西段耕地质量时空变化的主要驱动力是人类活动,各驱动因子交互作用后解释力增强,共同影响秦岭陕西段耕地质量的变化。

The uniqueness,complexity and sensitivity of the geographical environment in Qinling make it a typical area for the study of resource environmental protection and man-land coordination.Therefore,in order to study the changes of cultivated land resources and environment in Qinling,the annual update evaluation and statistical yearbook data of cultivated land quality at 1∶10000 county level from 2005 to 2019 in Shaanxi province were adopted based on dynamic attitude model,location index,center of gravity migration model and geographic detector.The spatial-temporal pattern and driving mechanism of cultivated land quality in 6 prefecture-level cities,39 counties(county-level cities,districts)and 353 towns in Shaanxi section of Qinling were investigated.The results show that①in terms of time,during 2005-2010,2010-2015 and 2015-2019,the quantity of cultivated land resource decreases with an average annual decrease rate of 0.45%,0.12%and 0.20%,respectively;the change of cultivated land quantity tends to be stable with an average quality of 10.98;it is slightly higher than the average of Shaanxi province(11.34)and lower than the national average(9.96);②spatially,the Shaanxi section of Qinling shows a distribution pattern of high cultivated land quality in the north line and southwest line near Guanzhong plain,and in the central area,while low cultivated land quality in the east and west from 2005 to 2019;according to the changes of location index,Xi'an and Weinan cities with better natural geographical conditions have higher cultivated land and are the aggregation areas of high-quality cultivated land,while Hanzhong,Ankang and Shangluo cities in the southern Shaanxi have poorer cultivated land quality and a higher aggregation degree of middle-and low-quality cultivated land;according to the center of gravity migration,the center of gravity of the high-quality cultivated land transfers from Zhouzhi county to Huyi district of Xi'an city,that of the middle-quality cultivated land transfers from Ningshan county to Zhen'an county,that of the low-quality cultivated land transfers from Hanbin district of Ankang city to Zhashui county,and then to Zhen'an county;coordinate migrations of cultivated land are low-quality,middle-quality and high-quality in descending order;③the main driving factor of spatio-temporal change of cultivated land quality in Shaanxi section of Qinling is human activity;the interaction of each factor enhances the explanatory power,and jointly affects the change of cultivated land quality in Shaanxi section of Qinling.The research results provide scientific basis for further implementation of cultivated land resources,ecological environment protection and rural revitalization in Qinling.