陕北甘泉丹霞峡谷群地质遗迹景观特征与保护利用

Characteristics,Protection and Utilization of the Canyons of Danxia Landscape Geoheritages in Ganquan Area of the Northern Shaanxi,China

甘泉丹霞峡谷群位于陕北丹霞地质遗迹景观带的中部,地处鄂尔多斯盆地伊陕斜坡,为典型的狭缝式丹霞景观。通过野外调查、实测和研究发现:甘泉丹霞峡谷群地质遗迹景观的造景地层为下白垩统洛河组风成相紫红色碎屑沉积岩,岩石呈厚-巨厚层状;垂向节理较为密集,NE-NEE向、近SN向和NW向节理控制了峡谷群的发育。景观类型以负地形的波浪谷(波浪状凹槽与凸起间或分布)为主,辅以丹霞崖壁、一线天、壶穴、象形石等;景观类别与众不同,为具有国际对比研究价值的黄土覆盖型,主要沿洛河支流展布;景观美学上呈现“窄狭、多弯、纵高、陡峻”+“巨厚、均一、韵律、多彩”特征;景观价值上具有科学研究、科考探险、旅游休闲、科普教育等复合多元的多种功能。由于甘泉丹霞峡谷群地处生态环境脆弱区和经济欠发达区,未来应加大地质遗迹科研力度,划定地质遗迹保护区,明确地质遗迹保护措施,推进地质遗迹科普教育,开展地质文化村建设,以达到持续保护利用的目的。

The canyons of Danxia landscape in Ganquan area of the northern Shaanxi,are located in the middle part of the Danxia landscape belt,which belongs to the Yishan slope of Ordos Basin in the view of the geological structure unit.The canyons are the typical slit-typed Danxia landscapes.Through field investigations and surveys,it is confirmed that the landscape formations of canyons are red clastic sedimentary rocks of eolian facies in Lower Cretaceous Luohe Formation and the rock is thick.There are few faults,but vertical joints of NE-NEE,nearly SN and NW directions are exceptionally well developed,which control the development of canyons.The landscape type is dominated by wave valley of negative topography,and supplemented by the Danxia cliff,thin strip of sky,pothole,and pictographic stones.For the landscape category,the canyons of Danxia landscape are the kind of loess-cover type with international comparative research value.The landscape aesthetics characteristics present“narrow,multi curved,vertically high and steep”,as well as“thick,homogeneous,rhythmic and colorful”.For the landscape value,the canyons of Danxia landscape have compound and multivariate functions such as scientific research,scientific exploration,tourism and leisure,popular science education,etc.Since canyons are located in the fragile ecological environment area and underdeveloped economy area,it is necessary for Danxia geoheritages to strengthen scientific research,clarify the protection measures,promote popular science education,and carry out the construction of geologic cultural villages,in order to achieve the goal of sustainable protection and utilization.