数据新闻的版权问题及侵权规避

Copyright Issues and Infringement Avoidanceof Data Journalism

互联网环境中的版权问题涉面广泛、版权侵权危害严重、争议频发,伴随着我国新著作权法的修改,“网络版权”再次成为社会关注的焦点和学者研究的热点。数据新闻问世不过十余载,而其深层抵达新闻真相和积极引导社会舆论的作用众所瞩目;由于数据新闻作为新闻作品新类型其社会影响力尚弱,故对其版权确认和侵权风险的研究极为有限,对该领域的探讨就显得非常迫切和重要。以数据新闻“独创性”作为版权确认的依据,从新闻主题、数据分析和可视化呈现三个方面探讨版权确认细节;在版权归属方面,以新闻生产流程视角从数据挖掘收集过程、数据清理与分析以及新闻作品的生产和传播三个阶段厘清数据新闻的数据与文本在各环节的权责归属,并以法律法规条例视角,明确了新版著作法将著作权归属由新闻单位职工更改为新闻单位这一规定;进而从数据采集、数据来源标注、数据分析结论转载、第三方素材引用四个方面对其存在的侵权风险和行为误区深入剖析;并针对性地提出加强数据新闻版权意识教育、元宇宙与NFT助力版权保护、数据要素市场化和转换性使用的侵权规避策略。

With the revision of the new Copyright Law,“online copyright”has once again become the focus of social attention and a research hot spot for scholars.Data journalism has only been around for ten years,and its role is evident in uncovering the truth behind news and actively shaping public opinion.However,as a new type of news work,data journalism is still weak in its social influence.Consequently,research on its copyright recognition and infringement risk is urgently needed and highly important.This paper takes the“originality”of data journalism as the basis for copyright confirmation and discusses the details of copyright confirmation from three aspects:news theme,data analysis,and visual presentation.With regards to copyright ownership,the paper clarifies the ownership of rights and responsibilities of data and text of data news in each link of the news production process from the perspective of data mining and collection process,data cleaning and analysis,and production and dissemination of news works.Additionally,the paper explores the provisions on changing the ownership of copyright from the employees of news units to news units from the perspective of laws and regulations.Furthermore,the paper conducts an in-depth analysis of the existing infringement risks and misunderstandings from the four aspects of data collection,data source annotation,data analysis conclusion reproduction,and third-party material citation.It also proposes infringement avoidance strategies to strengthen data journalism copyright awareness education,leverage metaverse and NFT to aid copyright protection,promote marketization of data elements,and encourage transformative use.