宋元时期我国陶瓷文化海外传播的民间主体构成探析

Folk Maritime Merchants Promoting OverseasDissemination of Chinese Ceramic Culturein Song and Yuan Dynasties

宋元两朝统治者期以“市舶之利”来缓解财政危机,纷纷实施积极的海外贸易政策,促使这一时期海外贸易空前兴盛。随着宋王朝对“厚来薄往”朝贡贸易规模的限制,无形中促使民间海商逐渐成为贸易的主导力量。在重商主义和逐利思想的双重影响下,以富商大贾、庙堂权贵、沿海渔户和寺庙僧道为主体的民间海商,纷纷扬帆出海殖货聚财,客观上促进了宋元陶瓷文化在海外的传播与扩散。文化上的归依使贸易国家深深镌刻着中华文化的印迹,在改变着人们的饮食习俗的同时,也改变着人们的审美情趣和价值观念。

The rulers of the Song and Yuan dynasties implemented active overseas trade policies to alleviate their financial crises with the“profits of the market”,which led to the unprecedented prosperity of overseas trade during this period.With the restriction of tribute trade by the Song dynasty,the folk maritime merchants gradually became the dominant force in trade.Under the dual influence of mercantilism and profit-seeking thought,the rich merchants,government officials,coastal fishermen,monks and Taoists as the main body of the folk maritime merchants,have sailed to the sea to cultivate goods and gather wealth,contributing to the overseas dissemination and proliferation of Song and Yuan ceramic culture.The cultural affiliation made the trading countries deeply engraved with Chinese culture,which has changed people’s dietary customs as well as their aesthetic sensibilities and values.