工具理性与人文精神:试论生态景观营建思想争论的文化意义

Instrumental Reason and Humanistic Spirit:The Cultural Significance of the Debate on Ecological Landscape Construction

近年来,科学技术对风景园林事业的发展支撑作用日渐增大,然而学界对科技的认知并非是“整齐划一”的,自古饱含人文精神追求和艺术造诣的中国园林与“自然科学化”的现代风景园林学专业之间存在不容忽视的结构性差异。许多从业者强调科技对景观的生态及可持续发展带来的积极作用,却忽略了其在思想层面引起的消极反应,而后者比前者更需要被人注意和研究。首先,对比分析了不同门类艺术的从业者与风景园林师对数字信息科技的思辨,揭示风景园林界存在有别于其他艺术的技艺关系“两极化”争论,且这一争论与生态景观营建课题关系密切。其次,基于学科发展形成的3种“视差”视角,立足本土学术语境,剖析争论形成的内在逻辑,以及争论对生态认知、景观实践、学科文化产生的深刻影响。

In recent years,the role of science and technology in supporting the development of landscape architecture has been increasing.However,the academia's cognition of technology is not"uniform".There are structural differences that cannot be ignored between Chinese landscape architecture,which have been full of humanistic spirit pursuits and artistic attainments since ancient times,and modern landscape majors that are"natural and scientific".When more practitioners emphasize the positive effect of science and technology on the ecology and sustainable development of landscape,they ignore the negative reaction caused by it at the ideological level,and the latter needs more attention and research than the former.This paper firstly compares and analyzes the comments about digital information technology by practitioners in different categories of art and landscape architects,and reveals that there is a"polarization"debate on the relationship between technology and art in the landscape architecture discipline that is different from other arts,and this debate is closely related to the construction of ecological landscapes.Secondly,based on the historical course of the three stages of"parallax"in the development of the discipline,from the perspective of the local academic context,it analyzes the internal logic of the debate,and the profound impact of the debate on ecological cognition,landscape practice,and discipline culture.