森林碳汇助力碳中和的几点认识

Several Perspectives on Forest Carbon Sink for Promoting Carbon Neutrality

森林碳汇不是“杯水车薪”,而是国之重器,森林碳汇功能及其对碳中和的贡献已成为全球共识,森林碳汇的形成、提升、监测、计量、核证、交易等已成为科学研究和社会发展的重要领域。本研究探讨人类文明进程中的人碳关系变化特点,梳理森林碳汇全链条中的一些基本问题,包括森林定义对碳汇计量的影响,森林碳的源-汇关系,碳汇计量边界,碳汇的监测、报告和核算,以及碳汇项目开发、碳汇交易的基本要求等,分析我国森林碳汇提升面临的挑战、潜力和路径。研究认为,要进一步加强森林碳汇科技创新体系建设,深入认识生态修复、森林经营、森林利用过程中的碳汇机制;要进一步优化与森林生态系统碳循环相关的社会制度和规则、技术和文化体系的设计和应用,支撑国家碳达峰碳中和战略实施和生态文明发展。

Forest carbon sinks are not"a drop in the bucket",but a tool of national importance,the forest carbon sink and its contribution to carbon neutrality have become a global consensus.The formation,promotion,monitoring,measurement,verification,and trading of forest carbon sinks have become an important field of scientific research and social development.Firstly,the characteristics of the human-carbon relationship during the course of human civilization were explored.Secondly,some basic problems in the whole chain of forest carbon sinks are discussed,including the impact of forest definition on carbon sink measurement,carbon source-sink conversion in forests,the boundary of carbon sink measurement,the monitoring,reporting,and accounting of carbon sink,as well as the basic requirements of carbon sink project development and carbon sink trade.etc.The challenges,potential,and paths of forest carbon sink enhancement in China also were analyzed in this review,and it is believed that we should further strengthen the construction of scientific and technological innovation systems for forest carbon sequestration to better understand the carbon sequestration mechanism in the process of ecological restoration,forest management,and forest utilization.It is necessary to further optimize the design and application of social institutions and rules,technologies,and cultural systems related to the carbon cycle of forest ecosystems,to support the implementation of the national"carbon peaking and carbon neutrality"strategy and the development of ecological civilization.