红树林保护碳汇项目碳信用计量方法——以深圳市福田红树林保护区为例

Carbon Credit Measurement Method for Mangrove Conservation Carbon Sink Project:a Case Study of Futian Mangrove Nature Reserve in Shenzhen

【目的】探索我国红树林保护碳汇项目碳信用计量方法,促进可测量、可报告、可核查的红树林保护碳汇项目碳信用进入碳市场进行交易。【方法】提出综合考虑碳效益、生物多样性效益及社区效益的红树林保护碳汇项目碳信用计量方法,以深圳市福田红树林保护区为例,运用PLUS模型Markov链方法,确定红树林保护碳汇项目基线情景及其各碳库碳储量、温室气体排放量的变化情况,选用缺省因子计算自福田红树林保护区建立起即1988—2060年(我国实现碳中和目标年)的红树林保护碳汇项目碳效益。通过参与式乡村评估、实地走访、文献资料调查等方法,评定福田红树林保护区的生物多样性与社区效益。【结果】1988—2060年,福田红树林保护区红树林保护碳汇项目碳效益为350 231.91 t,年均4 864.33 t·a^(-1)。生物多样性与社区效益评定结果表明,福田红树林保护区红树林保护碳汇项目为A类项目,无需对碳效益进行调整。【结论】福田红树林保护区的碳信用有效体现了保护活动的多重效益,即项目活动除具有固碳减排增汇能力外,还协同应对与解决其他全球性问题。红树林保护活动碳信用核算方法的开发,有助于利用碳市场机制实现资源的有效配置,为红树林保护活动拓宽融资渠道,进一步加强对红树林生态系统的保护。

【Objective】The aim of this study was to investigate the carbon credits measurement method of mangrove protection carbon sink project activities in China,to promote measurable,reportable,and verifiable carbon credits of mangrove protection carbon sink projects into the carbon market for trading.【Method】This paper proposed a carbon credits measurement method for mangrove conservation carbon sink projects that takes carbon benefits,biodiversity benefits,and community benefits into consideration.Futian Mangrove Reserve in Shenzhen was taken as an example,the PLUS model Markov chain method was used to determine the baseline scenario of the mangrove protection carbon sink project and the changes in carbon stocks and greenhouse gas emissions of each carbon pool.The default factor was used to calculate the carbon benefits of the mangrove conservation carbon sink project in the Futian Mangrove Reserve from 1988 to 2060(the target year for achieving carbon neutrality in China).The biodiversity and community benefits of Futian Mangrove Reserve were evaluated using participatory village assessment,field visit and literature survey.【Result】From 1988 to 2060,the carbon benefits of the mangrove protection carbon sink project in Futian Mangrove Reserve was 350231.91 t,and the annual carbon benefits was 4864.33 t∙a^(−1).According to the assessment results of biodiversity and community benefits,the mangrove conservation carbon sink project in Futian Mangrove Reserve was classified as a Class A project,and it was not necessary to adjust the carbon benefits.Therefore,the carbon credits of the mangrove protection carbon sink project in Futian Mangrove Reserve were the same as the carbon benefits.【Conclusion】The carbon credits of Futian Mangrove Reserve effectively reflect the multiple benefits of conservation activities,that is,in addition to the ability of sequestration,emission reduction and sink increase,the project activities also synergistically respond to and solve other global problems.The development of carbon credits accounting methods for mangrove conservation activities is conducive to the effective allocation of resources through the carbon market mechanism,broadening financing channels for mangrove conservation activities,and further strengthening the protection of mangrove ecosystems.