东北地区全要素生产率演变特征研究

Research on the Evolution Characteristics of Total Factor Productivity in Northeast China

基于全国1979—2018年的省级面板数据和超越对数生产函数的随机前沿模型,通过对东北地区改革开放40年全要素生产率的演变特征进行实证分析发现:TFP增长率持续低于全国平均水平是东北地区经济落后于东部等地区的重要原因;TFP对东北经济增长的贡献率呈宽幅震荡特征。2012年后东北经济增长明显“减速”原因在于技术效率低下使TFP对经济增长的拉动作用逐渐弱化和高素质劳动力持续外流;而东北地区技术效率水平持续下降的原因在于国企改革与市场化进程的推进缓慢。破解东北地区经济增长困境的关键在于建立公平公正的市场准入与竞争机制以提升技术效率。

Based on the provincial panel data from 1979 to 2018 and the stochastic frontier model of production function beyond logarithm,this paper makes an empirical analysis of the evolution characteristics of total factor productivity in Northeast China during the past 40 years of reform and opening up.It is found that the TFP growth rate is lower than the national average,which is an important reason why Northeast China’s economy lags behind the eastern region.The contribution rate of TFP to economic growth in Northeast China is characterized by wide oscillation.The obvious"deceleration"of economic growth in Northeast China after 2012 is caused by the gradual weakening of TFP’s driving effect on economic growth and the continuous outflow of high-quality labor force due to the low technical efficiency.The reason for the continuous decline of technical efficiency in Northeast China lies in the slow progress of state-owned enterprise reform and marketization.The key to solve the economic growth dilemma in Northeast China lies in the establishment of fair and just market access and competition mechanism to enhance technical efficiency.