家庭教养方式对学前儿童社会能力的影响——亲子关系的中介作用

Effects of Family Upbringing Pattern on Children's Social Competence:Mediating Role of Parent-child Relationship

以474名3-6岁学前儿童及其父母为研究对象,探讨了学前儿童家庭教养方式、亲子关系和儿童社会能力之间的关系,并考察家庭教养方式对儿童社会能力的影响以及亲子关系在其中的中介作用.结果显示:女童的社会能力水平显著高于男童(t=2.08,P<0.05);民主型教养方式与亲子关系显著正相关(r=0.51,P<0.001),与儿童社会能力显著正相关(r=0.60,P<0.001),而溺爱型、放任型、专制型、不一致型教养方式均与亲子关系显著负相关(-0.47<r<-0.28,P<0.001),与儿童社会能力显著负相关(-0.35<r<-0.22,P<0.001),亲子关系与儿童社会能力显著正相关(r=0.53,P<0.001);民主型教养方式(β=0.51,P<0.001)可以显著正向预测亲子关系,且民主型教养方式(β=0.45,P<0.001)与亲子关系(β=0.30,P<0.001)均可以正向预测儿童社会能力;亲子关系在民主型教养方式与儿童社会能力之间起着部分中介作用(β=0.15,95%置信区间为[0.11,0.22]),中介效应占总效应的25.4%.研究表明:民主型教养方式和亲子关系可直接影响儿童社会能力,且民主型教养方式可以通过影响亲子关系间接影响儿童社会能力.

This study has investigated the relationship between family upbringing patterns,parent-child relationships,and children's social abilities in 474 preschool children aged 3-6 and their parents.It also examined the impact of family upbringing patterns on children's social abilities and the mediating role of parent-child relationships.The result indicates that girls'social competence is higher than boys'(t=2.08,P<0.05);democratic upbringing style is positively associated with parent-child relationship(r=0.51,P<0.001)and children's social competence(r=0.60,P<0.001)significantly;doting,indulgent,authoritarian,inconsistent upbringing styles are all negatively associated with children's parent-child relationship(-0.47<r<-0.28,P<0.001)and social competence(-0.35<r<-0.22,P<0.001)significantly;democratic upbringing style positively predicts parent-child relationship(β=0.51,P<0.001),and democratic upbringing style(β=0.45,P<0.001)and parent-child relationship(β=0.30,P<0.001)both positively predicts children's social competence separately;parent-child relationship partially medicates the association between democratic upbringing style and children's social competence(β=0.15,95%confidence interval is[0.11,0.22]),and the proportion is 25.4%.These findings indicates that democratic upbringing style and parent-child relationship is directly associated with children's social competence separately,and democratic upbringing style has indirect effects on children's social competence through parent-child relationship.