人口发展新阶段的中国生育支持政策体系构建

Construction of Fertility Support Policy System in China’s New Stage of Population Development

中国人口发展进入新阶段,客观上要求发展理念和发展策略及时做出调整。总结人口发展新阶段的主要特征,深刻认识在这一阶段建立生育支持政策体系的必要性,这对在构建策略上形成共识具有重要意义。中国当前面临的生育主导型负增长史无前例,人口发展呈现总量达峰、素质提升、少子化老龄化程度加深三大特征。曾经创造机会窗口、助力实现人口红利的规模和结构要素的作用逐渐减弱,素质要素被期待发挥更大的作用。生育调节成为现代社会实现人口可持续发展的重要手段。由于生育抑制策略在中国实施时间长且影响深远,而生育策略具有一定的路径依赖性,其调整往往滞后于人口形势变化,人口发展新阶段的生育率回升需要通过实施积极生育支持策略进行助力。释放生育潜力、激发生育动力是人口发展新阶段实现适度生育水平的两项基本任务,构建生育支持政策体系应以满足育龄人群多样化和个性化的生育需求为出发点,以促进人的全面发展和人口长期均衡发展为目标。

China’s population development has entered a new stage,which objectively require timely adjustment of development concepts and strategies.It is of great significance to summarize the main characteristics of the new stage of population development,deeply understand the necessity of establishing the fertility support policy system in this stage,and form a consensus on the construction strategy.At present,China is facing an unprecedented negative growth led by fertility.The population development is characterized by three major characteristics:the peak of total population,improvement of quality,and the deepening of aging with fewer births.The role of size and structure factors that once created a window of opportunity and helped realize the demographic dividend is gradually diminishing,while quality factors are expected to play a greater role.Fertility regulation has become an important means to realize sustainable population development in modern society.Since the birth control strategy has been implemented for a long time and has far-reaching influence in China,and the birth control strategy has a certain path dependence,its adjustment often lags behind the change of population situation,and the recovery of fertility rate in the new stage of development needs to be assisted by the implementation of active birth support strategy.Releasing fertility potential and stimulating fertility drive are the two basic tasks for achieving an appropriate fertility level in the new stage of population development.The establishment of a birth support policy system should be based on meeting the diverse and individual fertility needs of people of childbearing age,and aim at promoting the all-round development of human beings and the long-term balanced development of population.