永丰县2019—2021年中小学生视力不良状况及影响因素

Poor vision status of primary and secondary school students in Yongfeng County from 2019 to 2021 and its influencing factors

目的:调查分析永丰县2019—2021年中小学生视力不良状况及影响因素。方法:选取2019—2021年永丰县8所中小学7785名体检者为研究对象,均行双眼裸眼视力检查和电脑验光。统计中小学生视力不良发生情况和视力不良程度分级,采用单因素分析与多因素Logistic回归分析中小学生视力不良的影响因素。结果:2019—2021年,永丰县中小学生视力不良发生率为46.11%(3590/7785),其中2019年视力不良发生率为44.60%(1144/2565),2020年视力不良发生率为39.45%(1064/2697),2021年视力不良发生率为54.77%(1382/2523);同一年份不同学段视力不良发生率比较,高中>初中>小学,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);各年份小学生轻度视力不良占比均高于初中生和高中生,而重度视力不良占比均低于初中生和高中生,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);视力不良者读写姿势错误、每天学习时间≥8 h、持续使用电子产品时间≥1 h、父母近视占比均高于视力正常者,坚持眼保健操、睡眠时间≥8 h/d占比均低于视力正常者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);Logistic回归分析结果显示,读写姿势错误、每天学习时间≥8 h、持续使用电子产品时间≥1 h、父母近视均为影响中小学生发生视力不良的危险因素(OR>1,P<0.05),坚持眼保健操、睡眠时间≥8 h/d为中小学生发生视力不良的保护因素(OR<1,P<0.05)。结论:永丰县2019—2021年中小学生视力不良发生率较高,读写姿势错误、每天学习时间≥8 h、持续使用电子产品时间≥1 h、父母近视均为影响中小学生发生视力不良的危险因素,坚持眼保健操、睡眠时间≥8 h/d为中小学生发生视力不良的保护因素。

Objective:To investigate poor vision status of primary and secondary school students in Yongfeng County from 2019 to 2021 and to analyze its influencing factors.Methods:A total of 7785 physical examinees from 8 primary and secondary schools in Yongfeng County from 2019 to 2021 were selected as the research objects.All subjects underwent binocular naked vision examination and computer optometry.The incidence of poor vision and the classification of poor vision in these primary and secondary school students were statistically analyzed.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to analyze the influencing factors of poor vision in these primary and secondary school students.Results:The incidence of poor vision among the primary and secondary school students in Yongfeng County from 2019 to 2021 was 46.11%(3590/7785),wherein the incidence rates of poor vision in 2019,2020 and 2021 were 44.60%(1144/2565),39.45%(1064/2697)and 54.77%(1382/2523),separately.The incidence of poor vision in different learning stages in the same year was statistically different(P<0.05),high school>junior high school>primary school.In each year,the proportion of mild poor vision in the primary school students was higher than that in the junior high school students and the senior high school students,while the proportion of severe poor vision was lower than that in junior high school students and senior high school students,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The proportions of reading and writing posture errors,daily learning time≥8 h,continuous use of electronic products≥1 h,and parental’myopia in the students with poor vision were higher than those in those with normal vision;the proportions of adherence to eye exercises and sleep time≥8 h/d was lower than those with normal vision;and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that reading and writing posture errors,daily learning time≥8 h,continuous use of electronic products≥1 h,and parental myopia were all risk factors for poor vision in the primary and middle school students(OR>1,P<0.05).Adherence to eye exercises and sleep time≥8 h/d were all protective factors for poor vision in the primary and middle school students(OR<1,P<0.05).Conclusions:The incidence of poor vision among the primary and middle school students in Yongfeng County from 2019 to 2021 is high.Reading and writing posture errors,daily learning time≥8 h,continuous use of electronic products≥1 h,and parental myopia are the risk factors for poor vision in the primary and middle school students,while adherence to eye exercises and sleep time≥8 h/d are the protective factors.