天子湖国家湿地公园野生维管束植物地理成分分析

Analysis of the Geographic Composition of Wild Vascular Plants in Tianzi Lake National Wetland Park

为了解天子湖国家湿地公园的野生维管束植物组成,在现有植被资料的基础上,采用样线调查与样点调查相结合的方法,对天子湖国家湿地公园范围内的野生维管束植物进行了调查与分析。结果表明:①湿地公园范围内野生维管束植物共113科300属442种,其中蕨类植物10科14属16种,种子植物102科285属425种,裸子植物1科1属1种,植物组成上以中等科(10~19种)、寡种科(2~5种)、寡种属(2~5种)、单种属(1种)占优势;②属、种占满了15个世界分布区类型,表明湿地公园野生维管束植物地理成分复杂,在科级水平上,热带科(62.12%)多于温带科(37.88%),泛热带分布型占优势(46.96%);在属级水平上,温带科(51.40%)多于热带科(46.99%),北温带分布型占优势(20.48%),中国特有属4种(喜树属、檫木属等);在种级水平上,温带科(52.38%)多于热带科(46.13%),北温带分布型占优势(23.51%),另有中国特有种5种(檫木、喜树、柯等);③湿地公园中以草本植物、中生植物占优势,木质化植物(30.08%)、水生植物(8.6%)占比少。研究结果可为天子湖国家湿地公园野生植被资源的保护与利用提供理论依据。

In order to understand the composition of wild vascular plants in the Tianzi Lake National Wetland Park,a combination of sample line survey and sample point survey was used to investigate and analyze the wild vascular plants within the scope of the Tianzi Lake National Wetland Park on the basis of the existing vegetation data.The results show that:①there are 442 species of wild vascular plants in 113 families and 300 genera within the scope of the wetland park,including 10 families,14 genera and 16 species of ferns,102 families,285 genera and 425 species of seed plants,and 1 family,1 genus and 1 species of gymnosperms.The plant composition is dominated by medium families(10~19 species),oligotrophic families(2~5 species),oligotrophic genera(2~5 species),and monotrophic genera(1 species);②genera and species accounted for all 15 world range types,indicating that the geographic composition of wild vascular plants in wetland parks is complex,and at the family level,there are more tropical families(62.12%)than temperate families(37.88%),and the pantropical distribution type is dominant(46.96%);at the genus level,there are more temperate families(51.40%)than tropical families(46.99%),and the northern temperate distribution type is dominant(20.48%),and there are four species of endemic Chinese genera(Camptotheca,Sassafras,etc.);at the species level,there are more temperate families(52.38%)than tropical families(46.13%),and the north temperate distribution type is dominant(23.51%),and there are five other endemic Chinese species(Sassafras tzumu,Camptotheca acuminata,Lithocarpus glaber,etc.);③herbaceous and mesophytic plants are dominant in wetland parks,and woody plants(30.08%),and aquatic plants(8.6%)accounted for a small percentage.The results of the study can provide a theoretical basis for the conservation and utilization of wild vegetation resources in the Tianzi Lake National Wetland Park.