深圳市市售贝类产品中氯霉素的污染状况分析

Analysis of chloramphenicol pollution status in commercially available shellfish in Shenzhen City

目的监测和分析2019年—2022年深圳市市售贝类产品中氯霉素残留水平,为进一步评估深圳市民贝类中氯霉素残留暴露量,并为政府部门监督管理提供依据。方法2019年—2022年,在深圳市10个行政区的农贸市场及超市中随机抽取生蚝、圆贝、扇贝、蛏子、带子5种贝类产品共计660份,采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定贝类中的氯霉素含量。结果样品总体超标率为10.15%(67/660),2020年的超标率最高,2022年的超标率有明显的下降。带子的检出率最高,检出均值也最高,为5.96μg/kg,且最大检出含量高达60.86μg/kg,圆贝、生蚝、扇贝、蛏子的最大检出含量依次递减。结论2019年—2022年深圳市贝类产品中氯霉素残留情况虽逐年改善,但直至2022年,仍有2.5%的超标率,希望相关部门加大监督力度,确保深圳市民的食品安全。

Objective This paper aims to monitor and analyze the chloramphenicol residue level in commercially available shellfish in Shenzhen City from 2019 to 2022,so as to provide basis for further assessing the public exposure level of chloramphenicol residue in shellfish food and for government's supervision and management.Methods From 2019 to 2022,A total of 660 shellfish samples,including oysters,Japanese scallops,fan scallops,razor clams and scallops,were randomly collected from farmers'markets and supermarkets in 10 administrative districts of Shenzhen City.The content of chloramphenicol in shellfish was determined by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS/MS).Results The overall over-standard rate of chloramphenicol residue was 10.15%(67/660),with the highest in 2020 and a significant decrease in 2022.The detection rate in the scallops was the highest,and the mean detection value was also the highest with the content of 5.96μg/kg.The maximum detectable content was 60.86μg/kg,and it decreased in turn in Japanese scallops,oysters,fan scallops and razor clams.Conclusion Although the residue level of chloramphenicol in shellfish food in Shenzhen City was declined year by year from 2019 to 2022,the exceeding rate still reached 2.5%by 2022.It is suggested that relevant departments will strengthen supervision to ensure the food safety of Shenzhen citizens.