小型巷道全断面掘进机快速施工关键技术与应用

Key technology and application of small-sized full-section boring machine for rapid construction

岩巷掘进效率对于煤矿高效生产具有重要影响。与传统的钻爆法和综掘机法相比,盾构掘进施工法在掘进效率方面具有显著优势,已逐步应用在煤矿岩巷掘进施工中,但其直径一般都超过5 m,难以适用于小断面岩巷。因此,为提高小断面岩巷掘进速度,综合考虑井筒罐笼提升、设备运力、巷道尺寸、瓦斯治理模式、设备防爆性能、连续化排矸、巷道施工条件等因素,研制出了直径为3.5 m的小型矿用全断面掘进机。基于工程地质条件进行数值模拟,提出砂岩、砂质泥岩和泥岩顶板条件下的最优支护参数,获得了巷道最优支护参数,并通过动态调整实现巷道围岩分类精准控制,达到“围岩控制稳定、支护材料数量精确、支护耗时少”的目标。通过研制钢筋自联网、超长运输能力带式输送机,提高整机变坡范围(-9°~+9°),改进刀盘冷却水循环系统,超前治理断层技术,解决了现场应用中遇到的技术难题。研究结果表明,连续化排矸系统构建、盾构机作业线设备配置、快速始发与拆除技术、巷道精准支护施工及劳动组织方式均为保障盾构机快速施工的关键技术。最后,将该小型矿用全断面掘进机及快速施工技术应用于顾桥矿东一边界回风巷,7个月内完成3115 m岩巷掘进施工,月进尺600.6 m,刷新了淮南矿区岩巷掘进施工记录,掘进效率提高至钻爆法的3.15倍,人均工效提高至钻爆法的3.82倍。

The production of coal mines is strongly affected by the excavation efficiency of rock roadways.Compared with the traditional drilling-blasting method and the fully-mechanized heading machine method,the shield machine method has significant advantages in terms of excavating efficiency and has been gradually applied in coal mine rock roadways.However,the diameter shield machine generally exceeds 5 m,which can hardly be applied to small section rock roadways.To increase the advancing speed of small-section rock roadways,a small-sized(ϕ=3.5 m)full-section boring machine was developed considering comprehensive factors such as shaft cage lifting,equipment capacity,roadway size,gas control mode,equipment explosion-proof performance,continuous gangue discharge,and roadway construction conditions.Based on the engineering geological conditions,numerical simulation was conducted,and the optimal support parameters under the conditions of sandstone,sandy mudstone and mudstone roof were proposed.The goal of“stable surrounding rock control,accurate number of support materials,and short support time”were realized.Further,a series of auxiliary techniques were developed to deal with problems encountered in the field application.The steel bar self-networking technique was developed,and super long belt conveyor was applied to increase the slope range(−9°−+9°)of the whole machine.Besides,the cutter head cooling water circulation system was improved,and advanced fault management technology was developed.The research results show that the excavation efficiency rock roadways is significantly affected by continuous gangue discharge system,shield machine operation line equipment configuration,rapid launch and removal technology,precise roadway support construction and labor organization.The small-sized Full-section Bor-ing Machine and rapid construction technology are applied to the return air roadway of the east boundary of Guqiao CoalMine.The applic-ation results show that the new small-sized boring machine completed excavation of 3115 m long roadway within 7 months,and break the excavation construction record of the rock roadway in the Huainan mining area with a monthly footage of 600.6 m.The excavating effi-ciency is increased to 3.15 times that of the drilling and blasting method,and the per capita work efficiency is increased to 3.82 times that of the drilling and blasting method.