矿井水水化学特征及资源化利用研究——以张集煤矿为例

Study on chemical characteristics and resource utilization of mine water:taking Zhangji Coal Mine as an example

由于煤炭开采活动大量矿井水被抽排至地面,造成严重水资源浪费和环境污染,为发展“绿色矿业”理念,探寻矿井水资源化利用的有效途径。以淮南煤田张集煤矿为研究对象,采集了矿区不同来源矿井水共82个水样,并选取Ca^(2+)、Mg^(2+)、Na^(+)+K^(+)、Cl^(−)、SO_(4)^(2-)、CO_(3)^(2−)、HCO_(3)^(-)七大离子和pH、TDS、EC、TH共11个指标作为水质检测依据,探讨了张集煤矿矿井水的一般水化学特征、主要离子成分、离子含量动态变化特征,并利用相关性和主成分分析方法深入探究矿区水样的水化学特征,然后依据水化学分析结果对矿井水进行水质评价,并按照“分级分类”标准进行水质等级划分,得到矿井水初步利用途径,最后计算水样钠吸附比(SAR),建立钠吸附比(SAR)和EC关系,划分张集煤矿矿井水盐渍化和钠毒害风险等级,最终判定研究区矿井水资源化利用的途径。得出结论:张集煤矿矿井水TDS含量为255.47~7291.74 mg/L,平均值高达2346.60 mg/L,严重超标,其中离子组成含量贡献度最高的是Na^(+)和K^(+);按照“分级分类”标准划分的水质分级结果为研究区Ⅴ类矿井水占比高达81%;钠吸附比(SAR)和EC关系显示,79.3%的水样点分布在S3-E4区和S4-E4区,说明张集煤矿矿井水存在较高的盐渍化和钠毒害风险,不适宜用做农业用水,矿井水水域只可作为一般工业用水区、人体非直接接触娱乐用水区或者一般景观水域。

Because of mining activities,a large amount of mine water was pumped to the surface,caused serious waste of water resources and environmental pollution.This paper took samples of mine water from different sources in Zhangji Coal Mine of Huainan coalfield,and selected 7 ion contents of Ca^(2+),Mg^(2+),Na^(+)+K^(+),Cl^(−),SO_(4)^(2-),CO_(3)^(2−),HCO_(3)^(-),added pH,TDS,EC,TH to 11 chemical indexes as the basis of water quality detection.Then,the hydrochemical characteristics of mine water had been studied such as ion composition,dynamic change,correlation,afterwards,the water quality evaluation would been carried out.Finally,according to the relationship between sodium adsorption ratio(SAR)and EC,the risk levels of salinization and sodium toxicity of mine water in Zhangji Coal Mine were divided,and the ways of resource utilization of mine water in study area were determined.It is concluded that the TDS content of well water in Zhangji Coal Mine was 255.47-7291.74 mg/L,with an average of 2346.60 mg/L,which was seriously over standard.The highest contribution of TDS ion composition was Na^(+)and K^(+);The results of water quality classification showed that the proportion of mine well water of class V in the study area was as high as 81%;The relationship between sodium adsorption ratio(SAR)and EC showed that 79.3%of the water samples were distributed in S3-E4 AND S4-E4 areas.The mine water in Zhangji Coal Mine had high risk of salinization and sodium toxicity and was not suitable for agricultural use.The mine water area could only be used as general industrial water area,indirect contact entertain-ment water area or general landscape water area.