返乡青年短视频媒介实践考察

An Investigation on Short Video Media Practice of Young Returnees

近年来,返乡青年拍摄了大量短视频,具有以下社会功能:首先,返乡青年呈现较真实的乡村视觉符号,实现了乡村再出场,并革新叙事内容和叙事视角以完成乡村的积极可见性塑造,通过“地方再造”恢复乡村的在场性;其次,在脱嵌与再嵌入的身份游移过程中,短视频实践成为返乡青年建构新身份、实现新认同的工具,并不断在自我确认的“自适应”和互动反馈的“他适应”中进行身份调适并实现身份重构;同时,返乡青年短视频实践生成“地方”的数字化图景,为身处都市的个体提供了追寻乡土记忆、寄托乡村情怀的共情空间,大众围绕短视频互动形成关于乡村“共同的想象”,并完成乡村公共家园的集体建构。但该群体的短视频实践具有新异化的隐性趋势:拟像符号的拼贴易让乡村成为“被展示的景观”,使被祛魅的乡村再次被赋魅;对乡村的怀旧式书写具有幻象性与暴力性,不可避免地造成理想消解现实。

In recent years,young returnees have shot a large number of short videos,which have the following social functions.Firstly,the returnees present more authentic rural visual symbols,realize the reappearance of the countryside,and innovate the narrative content and perspective to complete the positive visibility of the countryside and restore the presence of the countryside via “place reconstruction”.Secondly,in the process of identity migration between “de-embedding” and “re-embedding”,short video practice has become a tool for young returnees to construct and realize new identities.They carry out identity adjustment and realize identity reconstruction constantly in the “self-adaptation” and “other-adaptation” of self-confirmation.Meanwhile,the short video practice of young returnees generates a digital picture of the “place” by providing individuals in the city with an empathetic space to pursue rural memories and entrust their rural feelings.The public interacts with short videos to form a “common imagination” about the rural regions and complete the collective construction of rural public homes.However,their short video practice has a hidden trend of “new alienation”:one the one hand,the collage of simulacra symbols can easily make the countryside a “displayed landscape”,and make the “disenchanted” countryside “enchanted” again;on the other hand,the nostalgic writing in the countryside is hallucinatory and violent,which inevitably causes ideals to dissolve reality.