世界科技强国:内涵、特征、指标体系及实现路径

The World Science and Technology Power:Connotation,Characteristics,Index System and Realization Path

“百年科技创新强国梦”是引领我国科技、经济和社会发展的伟大目标。科学地建立科技强国评价指标体系并与世界科技强国进行比较分析,对于准确把握新发展阶段我国科技事业发展的重点方向和任务、精准加快科技强国建设具有十分重要的意义。从科学强国、技术强国、创新强国和科技发展条件等4个维度构建世界科技强国评价指标体系,研究结果表明,我国科技强国建设在近十年迈上了新台阶,已位列全球第六位,但与美国、瑞士和德国等科技强国相比仍有一定差距,尤其在顶级国际科技大奖和研发人员占比方面的短板明显。基于此,我国在今后一段时间必须长期坚持人才引进和人才培养并重,加快推动企业成为科技创新主体,以加速成为更为领先的世界科技强国。

Building a world power in science and technology has become the centenary goal of the founding of the People's Republic of China,and the dream of"building an innovative nation"is an important strategy to guide China's scientific,technological,economic and social development.It is of great significance to scientifically evaluate the level of China's scientific and technological power and the gap between China and the world's scientific and technological power,and to accurately understand the key direction and task of the development of China's scientific and technological cause at the present stage.This paper constructs the evaluation index system of world science and technology power from four dimensions:scientific power,technological power,innovation power and innovation condition.The results show that China's construction as a scientific and technological power has reached a new level in the past decade,especially in innovation,but also in science.However,there is still an obvious gap between China and the United States,Switzerland,Germany and other powerful countries in science and technology,especially in the proportion of international top science and technology awards and R&D personnel.It is urgent for China to continuously improve the construction level of China's scientific and technological power from the aspects of scientific and technological talents and funds,and further narrow the gap with the United States and other leading scientific and technological powers from the dimensions of technology,science and innovation.To be specific,firstly,China should attach equal importance to talent introduction and talent training;secondly,it should increase the support for scientific research funds and continuously improve the efficiency of scientific research input-output;in addition,it should promote enterprises to become the main body of innovation and give full play to the role of enterprises as the main force in the construction of scientific and technological power;finally,it should constantly create a favorable environment for scientific and technological innovation.Taking these four aspects as an important starting point,we will constantly narrow the gap between our country and the world science and technology power,and ensure the realization of the three-step goal of building a world science and technology power.