美国在南海问题上的“联合战略”探析

An Analysis on the United States“Coalition Strategy”on the South China Sea Issue

在外交、军事、法律等方面联合域内外盟友和伙伴是美国南海政策的重要内容。2012年以来,美国在国际道义、地区规则制定、地区安全、话语体系等方面,以中国为假想目标,按照依议题建立合作的思路,借助双边和区域多边机制,重点发挥日本和澳大利亚的同盟作用,建立了多个联合阵线。而美国在南海问题上采取“联合战略”主要是为其军事存在寻找锚点,寻求单方面政策和行动的合法性,达到“成本最小化、威慑最大化”的效果,以及增加中国处理南海有关争议的成本等等。美国的南海联合战略虽然取得了一定的成效,但同时也面临与东盟国家的大国平衡战略冲突、域外国家安全与海洋战略侧重区域局限、战略实施效果与合作方期望相悖等多方面的挑战。

It is an important part of the U.S.South China Sea policy that uniting allies and partners within and outside the region from the aspects of diplomacy,military affairs and law.Since 2012,the United States has implemented the strategy from four aspects:international morality,regional rule-making,regional security,and discourse system.The US has taken China as a hypothetical competitor,and established a cooperation mechanism based on issues through bilateral and regional multilateral mechanisms.Particularly the Japan and the Australia has played important role.There are several factors for the US to adopt the“coalition strategy”,such as getting anchors for its unilateral South China Sea policy,achieving the effect of“minimizing costs and maximizing deterrence”,and increasing the China's cost on the South China Sea Issue.There are lots of inevitable contradictions between the coalition strategy and ASEAN countries'“balance of major powers strategy”.Some regional countries also have different focal point of security and maritime strategies,and the profits of the strategy have never lived up to partners'expectations as well.