2020—2022年湖南省永州市零陵区规模养殖场O型口蹄疫免疫效果评估

Evaluation on the Immune Effect of FMD-O Vaccines in Large-scale Farms in Lingling District,Yongzhou City of Hunan Province from 2020 to 2022

为掌握湖南省永州市零陵区规模场口蹄疫免疫效果,2020—2022年春防、秋防期间,在辖区内13个乡镇的规模场,采集337个场次的4301份血清样品,采用阻断ELISA法检测口蹄疫免疫抗体,并对检测结果进行时间、群间和空间分布分析。结果显示:2020—2022年全区O型口蹄疫平均场免疫合格率为84.27%,平均个体免疫合格率为87.17%,且合格率呈逐年上升趋势。牛场场户免疫合格率和个体免疫合格率均最高,分别为88.89%和90.04%,其次是猪场,分别为85.64%和89.10%,羊场最低,仅为77.78%和79.75%,其中羊场与牛场的场户免疫合格率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),羊场与猪场(P<0.05)、牛场(P<0.01)的个体免疫合格率差异均有统计学意义;黄田铺和接履桥2个乡镇的免疫效果最好,免疫合格率均达到90%以上,而凼底和水口山则欠佳,免疫合格率仅略高于70%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结果表明:零陵区规模养殖场O型口蹄疫整体免疫效果较好,但存在一定的地区和畜群差异。结果提示,应持续加强对养殖场的免疫技术指导和宣传培训工作,强化日常监测,做好羊群的及时补免工作,使全区口蹄疫免疫合格率保持在较高水平,防范疫情发生。

In order to identify the immune effect of foot-and-mouth disease(FMD)in large-scale farms in Lingling District of Yongzhou City of Hunan Province,during the period of prevention in springs and autumns from 2020 to 2022,4301 serum samples were collected from 337 farms/times in 13 townships under the district to detect antibodies against FMD by blocking ELISA,then the test results were analyzed based on the distribution of time,inter group and space.The results showed that the average immune qualification rate of FMD-O at farm level was 84.27%across the district,while the individual rate was 87.17%,increasing year by year.The immune qualification rates of cattle farms/households and individuals were the highest,which were 88.89%and 90.04%,respectively,followed by swine farms,85.64%and 89.10%,respectively,and lowest in sheep farms,77.78%and 79.75%,respectively,and the immune qualification rate of farms/households in sheep farms was statistically different from that in cattle farms(P<0.05),that of individuals in sheep farms was also different from that in swine farms(P<0.05)and cattle farms(P<0.01);the immune effect was better in Huangtianpu and Jielyuqiao Townships where the immune qualification rate exceeded 90%,but poorer in Shuikoushan and Dangdi Townships where the immune qualification rate was slightly higher than 70%,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).In conclusion,the immune effect of FMD-O was good in general in large-scale farms in Lingling District,but different depending on regions and animal populations to some extent,which revealed that the guidance and training on immunization technology should be increased in farms,daily monitoring should be strengthened,and sheep population should be timely vaccinated and compensated,so as to maintain a high level of qualification rate of FMD across the district,and to prevent potential occurrence of an outbreak.