禽传染性支气管炎概述

Overview of Avian Infectious Bronchitis

禽传染性支气管炎(IB)是由传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV)引起的一种禽类传染病,主要造成禽呼吸系统和泌尿生殖系统病变。IBV具有高度传染性,可引起雏鸡死亡,肉鸡增重减缓,蛋鸡产蛋下降。IBV易发生变异,血清型和基因型众多,不同基因型毒株之间存在较大的抗原差异,导致疫苗及药物研发存在较大难度,给该病防治带来一定挑战。多种血清学和分子生物学技术已用于IBV检测,如酶联免疫吸附试验、反转录聚合酶链式反应、重组酶介导扩增技术等。针对新型IBV仍需研究敏感性、特异性好的检测方法及开发安全性高、免疫效果好的新型疫苗。本文围绕IB的病原学、流行病学以及病毒分型方法、变异机制及检测方法等进行综述,以期为该病后期研究提供参考。

Avian infectious bronchitis(IB)is an avian infectious disease caused by infectious bronchitis virus(IBV),mainly leading to diseases of avian respiratory and urogenital system.IBV is highly contagious and can making chickens die,broilers slow down their weight gain,and laying hens decrease their egg production.IBV,with numerous serotypes and genotypes,is prone to mutation,and large antigen differences are available in different genotypic strains,toughening researches and development of vaccines and drugs,and posing certain challenges to the prevention and treatment of the disease.A variety of serological and molecular biological techniques have been used to detect IBV,such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR),recombinase-aid amplification(RAA),etc.So the detection methods with good sensitivity and specificity as well as new vaccines with high safety and good immunity are required for emerging IBV.The etiology,epidemiology,virus typing,mutation mechanisms and detection methods of IBV were summarized in the paper,with a view to providing a reference for future researches on the disease.