福建客家老年人慢性病患病现状调查:主要人口学特征的差异

Prevalence of chronic diseases in Hakka elderly in Fujian,China:differences in key demographic characteristics

目的探讨福建客家老年人慢性病患病现状及主要人口学特征的差异。方法采用方便抽样法对福建省宁化县的客家老年人(≥60岁)进行问卷调查,调查内容包括一般人口学特征和老年人慢性病患病情况。采用SPSS 25.0软件进行χ2检验和二元logistic回归分析。结果共有1262人纳入最终分析样本,福建客家老年人整体慢性病的患病率为52.54%(663/1262),慢性病共病的患病率为21.79%(275/1262)。慢性病患病率较高的人群主要有超重(OR=2.29)、肥胖(OR=2.16)、家庭人均年收入为15001~30000元(OR=1.61)等人群,慢性病共病患病率较高的人群主要有超重(OR=3.81)、肥胖(OR=4.99)、丧偶(OR=1.63)等人群。慢性病患病率较低的人群主要有受教育水平为小学及以上(小学OR=0.50,初中及以上OR=0.57)、仅与老伴同住(OR=0.41)、与单个子/女同住(OR=0.42)等人群。结论福建客家老年人慢性病和慢性病共病的患病率高,超重、肥胖、未受过教育、独居等老年人的患病状况尤为突出。政府、社会、家庭应重点关注以上人群,采取针对性的慢性病控制与管理措施,提高客家老年人整体生活质量。

Objective To explore the status of chronic diseases and differences in key demographic characteristics among the Hakka elderly in Fujian,China.Methods A convenience sampling method was used to conduct a questionnaire survey of the Hakka elderly(aged≥60 years)in Ninghua County,Fujian,China to collect the data on the demographic characteristics and the prevalence of chronic diseases.SPSS 25.0 software was used to conduct chi-square tests and binary logistic regression.Results A total of 1262 individuals were included in the final analysis.The overall prevalence of chronic diseases in the Hakka elderly was 52.54%(663/1262),and the prevalence of chronic comorbidities was 21.79%(275/1262).People who were overweight(odds ratio[OR]=2.29),obese(OR=2.16),with an average household income between 15001 and 30000 yuan(OR=1.61)had a higher prevalence of chronic diseases.People who were overweight(OR=3.81),obese(OR=4.99)and widowed(OR=1.63)had a higher prevalence of chronic comorbidities.Those who had an education of primary school and above(primary school:OR=0.50;junior high school and above:OR=0.57),living with spouse(OR=0.41)and living with one child(OR=0.42)had a lower prevalence of chronic diseases.Conclusion High prevalence of chronic diseases and chronic comorbidities are found among the Hakka elderly in Fujian,China.People who are overweight,obese,poorly educated or live alone have a higher risk of chronic disease or chronic comorbidities.The government,society and families should focus on these groups and adopt targeted chronic disease control and management measures to improve the overall quality of life of the Hakka elderly.