华夷同“道”:元代儒士的大一统观

Hua&Yi Pursue the Same Tao:Confucians’Great Unity in the Yuan Dynasty

元代儒士在传统“华夷”的问题上,以宋儒道统观念为基础,重塑了华夷各族多元而同“道”的大一统观。一方面,他们吸收“中州之道”与程朱“道学”理论,以“道统文脉无南北”“华夷千载亦皆人”,论证了儒家的仁爱生民之“道”,可以超越地域、种族、国别,圣王之“道”的理想社会可以成为各族共同的追求,使各族群达成文化共识;另一方面,提倡“王道之所在,正统之所在”,要求君王统一天下的取之有道和王朝治理的治之以道,使“大一统”的政教秩序立足于“王道天下”的太平愿景。华夷同“道”的大一统观推动了元王朝统一多民族政治文化共同观念的形成,使元王朝成为中华文明共同体的重要组成部分。

On the issue of traditional Hua-Yi Distinction,the Confucian scholars of the Yuan Dynasty,based on the Confucian orthodoxy of the Song Dynasty,reshaped the unified view that all nationalities are diverse and pursue the same Tao.On the one hand,they absorbed the Tao of Zhongzhou and the Daoism theories of Cheng-Zhu,demonstrated that Confucianism of benevolence for living people can transcend regions,races and countries,and a Society of Great Harmony can become the common pursuit of all ethnic groups,so that all ethnic groups can reach a cultural consensus;On the other hand,it advocates the place of kingship,the place of orthodoxy,and requires the monarch to unify the world with the right way and the rule of the dynasty with the right way,so that the political and religious order of great unity is based on the peaceful vision of kingship.The unified view that all nationalities pursue the same Tao,promoting the formation of the common concept of unified multiethnic political culture of the Yuan Dynasty,and making the Yuan Dynasty an important part of the Chinese civilization community.