书院精神内蕴与历史流变研究

Research on Spiritual Connotations of Chinese Academy and Its Historical Change

书院始于唐代,是集人才培养、学术创新、文化传播等职能于一体的文化教育组织。与书院特点和职能不断变革相伴的是,其精神内涵在不同时期表现出不同的特点,但因其区别于传统封建官学的办学性质、“成人之教”的教育理想和知识创新的价值追求,书院精神的核心是永存不变的。书院精神主要包括了以道义为核心的人文精神和以求知求真为主的科学精神,具体而言又细化为以德育人的人文精神、独立自主的治学精神、实事求是的求真精神、兼容并蓄的开放精神和勇担道义的爱国精神。书院精神是作为文化教育组织的书院最具独特性、思想性、持久性的精神品格及文化意蕴,是书院发展中最精微的内在动力和思想基础。

Chinese academies,the history of which can be traced back to the Tang Dynasty,were cultural and educational organizations in ancient China,integrating the functions of talent training,academic innovation and cultural dissemination.Along with the constant changes of their characteristics and functions in their development in history,the spiritual connotation of Chinese academies showed different characteristics in different era.However,different from traditional government-run schools in ancient time,Chinese academies kept their core of the spiritual connotation,namely,the ideal of moral education and the pursuit for knowledge innovation,unchanged.To be more specific,this core of the spiritual connotation is embodied in the spirit of humanistic moral education,the spirit of independent academic research,the spirit of seeking truth from facts,the spirit of opening-up and inclusiveness,and the spirit of patriotism.As the cultural and educational organization in ancient China,the spiritual core is the most unique,ideological and ever-lasting character and connotation of Chinese academy,and the most subtle internal motivation and ideological foundation for its development.