乌鲁木齐市居家养老老年人能力影响因素的结构方程模型分析

Analysis of influencing factors of the ability of elderly with home⁃based care in Urumqi city based on structural equation model

目的:了解乌鲁木齐市居家养老老年人能力现状,并基于结构方程模型分析其影响因素。方法:于2021年7月—2022年4月采用分层整群抽样法抽取乌鲁木齐市8个社区的627名老年人作为研究对象,采用老年人一般资料问卷、居家养老环境安全评估问卷、老年人能力评估标准表(试行)进行调查,对老年人能力进行评定,并构建结构方程模型分析老年人能力的影响因素。结果:居家养老老年人中,能力完好152人(24.24%),轻度受损362人(57.74%),中度受损94人(14.99%),重度受损19人(3.03%)。结构方程模型显示,对老年人能力影响最大的因素为家庭支持(0.64),其中直接效应为0.38,通过健康状况产生的间接效应为0.26;其次为健康状况(0.50);居家养老环境最低(0.44),其中直接效应为0.30,通过健康状况产生的间接效应为0.14。结论:老年人能力情况不容乐观,家庭支持越少、健康状况和居家养老环境越差的老年人能力受损越严重。

Objective:To understand the status quo of the ability of the elderly with home-based care in Urumqi city and analyze its influencing factors based on structural equation model.Methods:627 elderly from 8 communities in Urumqi city were selected as research subjects by stratified cluster sampling method From July,2021 to April,2022.A survey was conducted using the elderly general information questionnaire,Home Environmental Safety Assessment Questionnaire,and Elderly Ability Assessment Standard Table(Trial)were used to investigate the elderly.The ability of elderly was assessed.Influencing factors of the ability of elderly was analyzed by structural equation model.Results:Among the elderly with home⁃based care,152(24.24%)had intact ability,362(57.74%)had mild impairment,94(14.99%)had moderate impairment,and 19(3.03%)had severe impairment.The structural equation model showed that family support(0.64)had the greatest impact on the ability of elderly,with a direct effect of 0.38 and an indirect effect of 0.26 through health status.Next was the health status(0.50).The home environment was the lowest(0.44),with a direct effect of 0.30 and an indirect effect of 0.14 through health status.Conclusions:The situation of the ability of elderly is not optimistic,and the less family support,the worse their health status and home environment,the more severe impairment of the ability of elderly.