政治与宗教:对西方公民身份二维性的解读与批判

Politics and Religion:Interpretation and Criticism of the Two-dimensionality of Western Citizenship

西方的公民身份理论体现着西方宗教精神和世俗政治形态的二维架构,展现西方社会结构要素之间的关系。揭示和批判其关系对认清资本主义现实,从而展开深入批判具有重要意义。公民身份形成中的内在宗教精神和外在政治形式被西方思想界认定为两个来源:一是随着宗教分化和改革,其宗教精神赋予社会公民以心理结构;二是资产阶级革命使政治制度演化成相互制约的力量,成为公民身份精神的第二个来源。两个来源都只是在理论上的认定,需要在物化的现实中找到公民身份显现的空间,而公民生活的社会和市场就是这样的空间。公民身份理论正是显现资本主义社会压迫与统治现实的场域,对它的分析有助于在更广泛的领域对其批判。

Western citizenship theory embodies the two-dimensional framework of Western religious spirits and secular politics forms,reflecting the relationship between the elements of Western social structure.Revealing and criticizing its relationship is of great significance to recognize the reality of capitalism and carry out in-depth criticism.As for the community of Western thought,there are two sources of the internal religious spirits and external political forms in the formation of citizenship,first,with the religious differentiation and reform,its religious spirits give social citizens a psychological structure;second,the bourgeois revolution has made the political system evolve into a mutually restrictive force,which is the second source of citizenship spirits.However,both sources are identified from a theoretical standpoint,and it is necessary to find the space for citizenship in the materialized reality.The society and market in which citizens live are such spaces.In fact,citizenship theory is the field that shows the social oppression and dominating reality in capitalist society,and its analysis is helpful to criticize it in a wider field.