应用于牙槽嵴保存术的常用生物材料研究进展

Research progress in commonly used biomaterials applied on alveolar ridge preservation

拔牙后,拔牙窝的牙槽骨吸收可能为后期的种植或修复治疗带来一定的困难。牙槽嵴保存术(alveolar ridge preservation,ARP)是保存牙槽嵴骨量的重要技术之一,能最大限度地减少拔牙后牙槽嵴和软组织的萎缩,降低后期种植体植入时进一步软硬组织增量的概率,从而改善修复效果。近年来应用于ARP的生物材料不断增多,因此归纳总结常用生物材料的类型、特性、研究现状、优缺点、临床疗效等,对其临床应用具有指导意义。目前异种骨、可吸收屏障膜和自体血小板浓缩物在ARP中应用较多,总体上具有较好的临床效果。也有多种材料联合应用的报道。随着新材料、新技术的不断发展,需要高质量的临床试验来进一步验证各种生物材料应用于ARP的长期效果。

After tooth extraction,the alveolar bone resorption in the extraction socket may cause difficulties to the later implantation and restorative treatment.Alveolar ridge preservation(ARP)is one of the important techniques for preserving alveolar ridge bone mass.The technique can minimize the atrophy of the alveolar ridge and soft tissue after tooth extraction and reduce the probability of further soft and hard tissue augmentation during subsequent implant implantation,thus improving the repair effect.In recent years,the types of biomaterials applied in ARP has been increasing.Thus,summarizing the types,characteristics,research status,advantages and disadvantages,and clinical efficacy of commonly used biomaterials can provide guidance to clinical application.Xenograft bone,absorbable barrier membrane and autologous platelet concentrate are currently widely applied in the ARP,and they have better clinical effects in general.There are also reports on the combined application of multiple materials.With the continuous development of new materials and technologies,high-quality clinical trials are needed to further validate the long-term effects of various biomaterials applied on ARP.