间充质干细胞对脑缺血性再灌注损伤的保护作用

Protective Effect of Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Cerebral Ischemic Reperfusion Injury

脑缺血再灌注损伤是神经系统疾病患者预后欠佳的主要原因之一,也是目前导致患者瘫痪的重要原因,多见于心脏骤停、脑出血、脑梗死、脑卒中等疾病,其经典的病理生理机制主要包括氧化应激、炎症反应、钙超载、一氧化氮损伤以及兴奋性氨基酸毒性作用等。随着医疗技术的发展,脑缺血再灌注损伤的治疗方案不断完善,然而更加精准有效的治疗方案仍在不断探索中。间充质干细胞(mesenchymal stem cells,MSCs)是一种多能干细胞,存在于骨髓、肌肉、脂肪等组织器官中。近年来,MSCs凭借其强大的分化能力、分泌能力以及良好的免疫相容性,被用于探索治疗多种疾病。本文从病理生理机制出发,阐述MSCs在脑缺血再灌注损伤中的保护作用,以期为脑缺血再灌注损伤的治疗提供新思路。

Cerebral ischemia⁃reperfusion injury,one of the main reasons for poor prognosis in patients with neurological diseases,is also an important cause of paralysis.It is more common in cardiac arrest,cerebral hemorrhage,cerebral infarction and stroke.The classical pathophysiological mechanisms mainly include oxidative stress,inflammatory response,calcium overload,nitric oxide and excitatory amino acid toxicity.With the devel⁃opment of medical technology,the treatment of cerebral ischemia⁃reperfusion injury has been improved.However,there is still an urgent need to explore more accurate and effective treatments.Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)are multipotential stem cells in bone marrow,muscle,fat and other tissues and organs.In recent years,MSCs have been explored in the treatment of various diseases because of their strong differentiation ability,secretion ability and good immunocompatibility.This paper describes the pathophysiological process of cerebral ischemia⁃reper⁃fusion injury,and summarizes the role of MSCs in cerebral ischemia⁃reperfusion injury from the perspective of patho⁃physiological mechanism,in order to provide a new idea for the treatment of cerebral ischemia⁃reperfusion injury.