从传统地缘政治学视角看美国南海政策的军事化趋势

The Militarization Trend of U.S. South China Sea Policy from the Perspective of Traditional Geopolitics

自奥巴马政府时期以来,美国在南海问题上不断加大对中国政治干预和外交施压的同时,还日益强化其南海政策的军事化趋向,尤其是越来越多地直接派军舰和军机进入南海海域和空域,以加大军事威慑力度。从传统地缘政治学视角来看,美国强化其南海政策中的军事化趋势,受多重地缘战略目标的驱动。首先,受美国全球地缘战略利益的驱动,以“航行自由”的旗号检验其海上霸权在南海地区的有效性,借以维护美国的全球海洋霸权。这是因为美国的全球霸权战略在很大程度上是依靠其海上实力维系起来的。其次,由于欧亚大陆是美国全球地缘战略的核心,因此美国强化其南海政策中的军事化趋势也受其欧亚地缘战略目标的利益驱动,目的在于继续保持和巩固对欧亚大陆的战略“围堵”态势,借助“亚太再平衡”战略补齐美国在亚洲地区的力量短板,继续维护美国主导下的欧亚地缘政治格局。最后,在美国继续推进战略东移计划的背景下,美国强化其南海政策中的军事化趋势还深受其亚太地缘战略目标的利益驱动,即通过把亚太战略扩展为“印太”战略,来巩固美国在第一岛链的军事存在,加强对东亚崛起大国的战略包围。

Since the Obama administration,the United States has continuously increased its political intervention and diplomatic pressure on China on the South China Sea issue.From a traditional geopolitical perspective,the militarization trend of the United States in strengthening its South China Sea policy is driven by multiple geostrategic goals.Firstly,driven by the global geostrategic interests of the United States,the effectiveness of its maritime hegemony in the South China Sea region is tested under the banner of“freedom of navigation”,thereby safeguarding the global maritime hegemony of the United States.Secondly,as the Eurasian continent is the core of the United States’global geopolitical strategy,the militarization trend in the United States’strengthening of its South China Sea policy is also driven by the interests of its Eurasian geopolitical strategic goals.The purpose is to continue to maintain and consolidate the strategic“containment”posture towards the Eurasian continent,complement the weaknesses of the United States in the Asian region through the“Asia Pacific Re-balancing Strategy”,and continue to maintain the Eurasian geopolitical pattern under the leadership of the United States.Finally,in the context of the United States continuing to advance its strategic eastward migration plan,the militarization trend in its South China Sea policy is also deeply driven by its geopolitical goals in the Asia Pacific region.