明代云南“盗贼”问题与地方改革——以《何文简疏议》为视角

On the Problem of Thieves and Local Reforms in Yunnan in the Ming Dynasty:From the Perspective of Hewenjian Shuyi

明中后期,在王朝权力不断向边疆地区拓宽的过程中,中央对地方资源的争夺逐渐加剧。同时,由于明朝权力滥用和地方管理体系腐败等问题的加剧,部分社会问题随之产生。从《何文简疏议》可以窥见当时云南“盗贼”问题的出现主要源于自上而下的官吏体系腐败和中央与地方间的利益矛盾。为维护云南地方政治秩序的稳定,何孟春试图通过严惩贪腐、整肃吏治和恢复基层防卫体系等方式解决“盗贼”问题。此做法不仅体现出了明代国家治理地方的基本手段,也为当今基层社会治理提供了历史经验和启示。

In the middle and late Ming Dynasty,as the imperial power expands to the frontier regions,the central government’s struggle for local resources is becoming more and more violent.Meanwhile,as a result of the abuse of power and the corruption in the local administration system,social problems arises.It is found in Hewenjian Shuyi that the problem of“thieves”in Yunnan is rooted in the corruption of the official system and the conflict between central interests and local interests.In order to maintain the stability of the local political order in Yunnan,He Mengchun attempts to solve the problem of“thieves”through the severe punishment of corruption,the rectification of officials and the restoration of the grassroots defense system,which not only demonstrates the basic means of the local governance,but also provides historical experience and inspiration for grassroots social governance today.