城市湿地对局地小气候的影响

The Effect of Urban Wetlands on Local Microclimate

【目的】国家湿地公园作为城市绿地系统的重要组成部分,它在调节气候、改善环境、维护区域生态平衡等方面具有重要作用。【方法】通过对广州海珠国家湿地公园2014—2016年的气象数据及空气质量数据进行整理分析,结合遥感技术,从温度、湿度、风速、AQI四方面探讨城市湿地公园的小气候效应。【结果】①海珠国家湿地公园具有明显的冷岛效应、湿岛效应、风岛效应和空气质量效应。②海珠国家湿地公园的小气候调节效应具有明显的季节差异,冷岛和风岛效应夏季强于冬季,湿岛效应冬季强于夏季。③海珠国家湿地公园的小气候调节效应具有明显的昼夜差异,湿岛和风岛效应白昼强于夜晚,冷岛效应夜晚强于白昼。④海珠国家湿地公园空气质量效应年际变化明显,空气质量逐渐上升。⑤对比周边城区温度和湿度,温度以海珠国家湿地公园为中心向四周逐渐增高,湿度则相反。【结论】湿地公园能有效调节城市小气候和改善城市环境质量。

【Objective】As an important part of urban ecosystem,the wetland park plays a vital role in regulating climate,improving the environment and maintaining regional ecological balance.【Method】Through the analysis of meteorological data and air quality data from 2014 to 2016 in Haizhu Wetland Park in Guangzhou,combined with remote sensing technology,the microclimate effect of urban wetland park was discussed from four aspects of temperature,humidity,wind speed and AQI.【Result】The studies showed as follows:①Haizhu Wetland Park has obvious cold island effect,wet island effect,wind island effect and air quality effect.②The microclimate regulation effect of Haizhu Wetland Park has obvious seasonal difference.The cold island effect and wind island effect is stronger in summer than in winter,and the wet island effect is stronger in winter than in summer.③The microclimate regulation effect of Haizhu Wetland Park has obvious difference between day and night.The wet island and wind island effect is stronger in daytime than at night,and the cold island effect is stronger at night than in daytime.④The air quality effect of Haizhu Wetland Park changes significantly from year to year,and the air quality gradually rises.⑤Compared with the temperature and humidity in the surrounding urban areas,the temperature gradually increases around Haizhu Wetland Park,while the humidity is opposite.【Conclusion】Wetland parks can effectively regulate the urban microclimate and improve the quality of the urban environment.