长春市引种美国红枫物候期及生长规律的研究

Study on the Phenophase and Growth Rule of Introduced Acer rubrum in Changchun City

对引进的19个美国红枫观赏品种物候期、变色进程及生长量进行了观测研究,结果表明:‘秋火焰’‘秋日梦幻’‘庆典’‘红酒佳人’‘索美塞’等品种萌芽较早,为4月下旬;‘秋烈焰’‘阿姆斯特朗’‘秋日光环’‘勃艮第百丽’等品种萌芽较晚,为5月上旬。‘夕阳红’‘秋火焰’‘摩根’‘马莫’‘红点’‘太阳谷’展叶较早,为5月中旬;‘秋石塔’‘索美塞’‘夏日红’‘秋日梦幻’‘庆典’‘红酒佳人’展叶较晚,为5月下旬。‘夕阳红’变色最早,为9月中旬,‘红点’‘庆典’变色最晚,为10月上旬。‘秋火焰’‘十月光辉’‘红点’‘秋日梦幻’‘秋石塔’‘阿姆斯特朗’观赏期达30 d以上。19种美国红枫3年生苗木高生长量和地径生长量差异较大,树高、地径从5月开始持续增长,7月中旬达到高峰,8月中旬后生长减缓,9月中旬后几乎停止生长。

The phenophase,discoloration process and the growth of 19 introduced Acer rubrum ornamental varieties were observed and studied.The results showed that the varieties such as A.‘Autumn blaze’,A.×freemanii‘Autumn fantasy’,A.×freemanii‘Celebration’,A.‘Brandywine maple and A.‘Somerset sprouted early,and the sprouting date was in late April.The varieties such as A.‘Autumn flame’,A.×freemanii‘Armstrong’,A.‘Radiance and A.‘Burgundy belle sprouted late,and the sprouting date was in early May.The varieties such as A.‘Red sunset’,A.‘Autumn blaze’,A.×freemanii‘Morgan’,A.×freemanii‘Marmo’,A.‘Redpointe and A.‘Sun valley leafed early,and the leafing date was in mid-May.The varieties such as A.‘Autumn spire’,A.‘Somerset’,A.‘Summer red’,A.×freemanii‘Autumn fantasy’,A.×freemanii‘Celebration and A.‘Brandywine maple leafed late,and the leafing date was in late May.A.‘Red sunset was the first to discolor in mid-September.A.‘Redpointe and A.×freemanii‘Celebration were the last to discolor in early October.The ornamental periods of A.‘Autumn blaze’,A.‘October glory’,A.‘Redpointe’,A.×freemanii‘Autumn fantasy’,A.‘Autumn spire and A.×freemanii‘Armstrong were more than 30 days.The height increment and ground diameter increment of 19 kinds of 3-year-old Acer rubrum seedlings were different greatly.The height and ground diameter began to increase continuously from May.The increments of the height and ground diameter reached the peak in mid-July.The growth slowed down after mid-August,and the growth almost ceased after mid-September.