全生命周期成本分析框架下的电动公交充电器部署和车队管理

Consolidating Bus Charger Deployment and Fleet Management for Public Transit Electrification:A Life-Cycle Cost Analysis Framework

尽管城市交通电气化快速发展,但电动公交车(EB)车队的系统规划和管理进展却很落后。本研究首先综述了影响新生EB系统的基本问题,包括充电站部署、电池尺寸、公交车调度和生命周期分析。目前,EB系统的规划和运行是按顺序进行的,公交车调度是在公交车队和基础设施部署完毕后进行的,这导致了资源利用率低和资源浪费。对此,本文提出了混合整数规划模型,以尽可能低的生命周期成本(LCC)整合充电站部署和公交车队管理,包括所有权、运营、维护和排放费用,从而缩小了最佳规划和运营之间的差距。进一步引入了分支定价算法,以减少寻找最佳解决方案所需的计算工作量。本研究还通过分析真实案例,与目前的公交运营策略和充电站布局相比,一条公交线路的LCC可显著降低30.4%。提出的研究不仅可以进行生命周期分析,还可以为交通当局和运营商提供可靠的充电站部署及单线和多线服务的公交时刻表,这两者都是未来具有高电气化普及率的交通系统中决策支持的关键要求,本研究也有助于推动可持续交通的发展。

Despite rapid advances in urban transit electrification,the progress of systematic planning and management of the electric bus(EB)fleet is falling behind.In this research,the fundamental issues affecting the nascent EB system are first reviewed,including charging station deployment,battery sizing,bus scheduling,and life-cycle analysis.At present,EB systems are planned and operated in a sequential manner,with bus scheduling occurring after the bus fleet and infrastructure have been deployed,resulting in low resource utilization or waste.We propose a mixed-integer programming model to consolidate charging station deployment and bus fleet management with the lowest possible life-cycle costs(LCCs),consisting of ownership,operation,maintenance,and emissions expenses,thereby narrowing the gap between optimal planning and operations.A tailored branch-and-price approach is further introduced to reduce the computational effort required for finding optimal solutions.Analytical results of a real-world case show that,compared with the current bus operational strategies and charging station layout,the LCC of one bus line can be decreased significantly by 30.4%.The proposed research not only performs life-cycle analysis but also provides transport authorities and operators with reliable charger deployment and bus schedules for single-and multi-line services,both of which are critical requirements for decision support in future transit systems with high electrification penetration,helping to accelerate the transition to sustainable mobility.