数字经济中个人信息竞争的反垄断治理

Anti-monopoly Governance of Personal Information Competition in the Digital Economy

数字经济时代的个人信息不断衍生经济价值,成为竞争的焦点。个人信息竞争主要表现为个人信息数据化的过程竞争和结果竞争,进而演化为数据竞争,并由数据壁垒引发诸多垄断问题,故应将个人信息竞争纳入反垄断治理的范畴。个人信息竞争的反垄断治理应当首先厘清竞争领域中的个人信息,并从个人信息数据化形成的数据资产角度确认个人数据、企业数据和公共数据的多层次产权属性及归属,进而明晰反垄断法规制个人信息的范围和边界。在个人信息数据化形成数据资产后的结果竞争中,为规制利用个人信息实施的垄断行为,应当构建以个人信息保护为核心的非价格竞争分析范式,将个人信息保护水平作为市场力量认定、竞争损害评估和消费者福利分析的要素,综合分析垄断行为的竞争影响。在以获取个人信息资源为目标导向的过程竞争中,为消除数据壁垒,可适用必要设施原则,平衡数据权利保护与个人信息交易,明确数据作为必要设施的条件和数据免费访问的范围,实现数据开放与共享。

Personal information competition is mainly manifested as competition in the process and the result of digitization of personal information,which then evolves into data race,not to mention that many monopoly problems are caused by data barriers,so personal information competition should be included in the scope of anti-monopoly governance.The anti-monopoly governance of personal information competition shall first clarify the personal information in the field of competition,and confirm the multi-attribute of property rights and its attribution,so as to clarify the scope and boundaries under the anti-trust laws.In the result competition after the digitization of personal information forms data assets,a non-price competition analysis paradigm centered on personal information protection shall be constructed,using the level of personal information protection as an element of market force identification,competition damage assessment,and consumer welfare analysis,and comprehensively analyzing the competitive impact of monopolistic behavior.In the process competition of obtaining personal information resources as the goal-oriented,the principle of necessary facilities can be applied to balance the protection of data rights and the transaction of personal information,the conditions for data as a necessary facility and the scope of free access to data should be clarified,in order to achieve da ta openness and sharing.