“印太经济框架”下美式数字贸易规则的扩展广度和深度分析

Analysis of the Expanded Breadth and Depth of U.S.-style Digital Trade Rules under the Indo-Pacifi c Economic Framework

“印太经济框架”(IPEF)是美国对外扩展美式数字贸易规则的重要平台。本文结合IPEF核心国家签署协定的多个章节内容,综合分析美式数字贸易规则在IPEF核心国家的扩展广度和深度。从扩展广度来看,日本、新加坡和澳大利亚已在代表性协定中广泛纳入“美式模板”议题;印度仅部分涉及“数据流通和获取”及“数字产品非歧视性待遇”,未承诺“数字知识产权保护”。从扩展深度来看,日本、新加坡和澳大利亚等缔约方在原则性条款“数据流通和获取”“数字知识产权保护”及“数字产品非歧视性待遇”中的承诺可对标“美式模板”第2阶段或第3阶段的雄心水平,但受制于“一般例外”或“负面清单”,综合约束力与这些“美式模板”标准存在差距;印度则对“美式模板”核心议题的承诺水平较低,接近于“美式模板”第1阶段。IPEF国家将基于此扩展情况调整数字贸易规则发展策略。中国可着眼上述协定的多部分内容对接高标准数字贸易规则,推动“一带一路”数字贸易规则共建,以应对IPEF带来的挑战。

The Indo-Pacific Economic Framework(IPEF)is an important platform for the United States to expand its U.S.digital trade rules.This paper combines the contents of multiple chapters of the agreement which signed by the core countries of IPEF to comprehensively analyze the expansion breadth and depth of the US-style digital trade rules in the core countries of IPEF.In terms of expansion breadth,Japan,Singapore and Australia have widely included the“U.S.template”topic in representative agreements.India is only partially concerned with“data circulation and access”and“non-discriminatory treatment of digital products”,and does not commit to“digital intellectual property protection”.In expansion depth,the commitments of active signatories such as Japan,Singapore and Australia in the Principle Clause on Data Circulation and Access,Digital Intellectual Property Protection and Non-discriminatory Treatment of Digital Products can benchmark the level of ambition in the second or third phases of the U.S.Template.However,subject to“general exceptions”or“negative lists”,the comprehensive binding force is far from these U.S.Template standards.On the other hand,India’s level of commitment to the core topic of the U.S.Template is low,close to the first stage of the American Template.IPEF countries will adjust their digital trade development strategy based on this expansion situation.China can focus on the multiple parts of the agreement above to align with high-standard digital trade rules and promote the joint construction of digital trade rules under the Belt and Road Ini tiatives to meet the challenges brought by IPEF.